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Jigsaw puzzle solving requires the rearrangement of unordered pieces into their original pose in order to reconstruct a coherent whole, often an image, and is known to be an intractable problem. While the possible impact of automatic puzzle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yaniv Ohayon , Ofir Itzhak Shahar , Ohad Ben-Shahar

Over the last decade, Sudoku, a combinatorial number-placement puzzle, has become a favorite pastimes of many all around the world. In this puzzle, the task is to complete a partially filled $9 \times 9$ square with numbers 1 through 9,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-27 Mohammad Mahdian , Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian

Spiral Galaxies is a pencil-and-paper puzzle played on a grid of unit squares: given a set of points called centers, the goal is to partition the grid into polyominoes such that each polyomino contains exactly one center and is 180{\deg}…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Erik D. Demaine , Maarten Löffler , Christiane Schmidt

Puzzles based on coloured cubes and other coloured geometrical figures have a long history in the recreational mathematical literature. One of the most commercially famous of these puzzles is the Instant Insanity that consists of four…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-11-01 Érika B. Roldán Roa

Given a palette of six colors, a colored cube is a cube where each face is colored with exactly one color and each color appears on some face. Starting with an arbitrary collection of unit length colored cubes, one can try to arrange a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-26 Ethan Berkove , David Cervantes Nava , Daniel Condon , Rachel Katz

In this paper, we present a curious experiment with the hot list strategy in solving sliding block puzzles by paramodulation. The hot list strategy is one of the look-ahead strategies using paramodulation in automated reasoning. We define…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Ruo Ando , Yoshiyasu Takefuji

We investigate the reconfiguration of $n$ blocks, or "tokens", in the square grid using "line pushes". A line push is performed from one of the four cardinal directions and pushes all tokens that are maximum in that direction to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Hugo A. Akitaya , Maarten Löffler , Giovanni Viglietta

We explore the following problem: given a collection of creases on a piece of paper, each assigned a folding direction of mountain or valley, is there a flat folding by a sequence of simple folds? There are several models of simple folds;…

The author presents two tricks to accelerate depth-first search algorithms for a class of combinatorial puzzle problems, such as tiling a tray by a fixed set of polyominoes. The first trick is to implement each assumption of the search with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Donald E. Knuth

Holzer and Holzer (Discrete Applied Mathematics 144(3):345--358, 2004) proved that the Tantrix(TM) rotation puzzle problem with four colors is NP-complete, and they showed that the infinite variant of this problem is undecidable. In this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-09 Dorothea Baumeister , Joerg Rothe

We investigate a type of a Sudoku variant called Sudo-Kurve, which allows bent rows and columns, and develop a new, yet equivalent, variant we call a Sudo-Cube. We examine the total number of distinct solution grids for this type with or…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-08-27 Tanya Khovanova , Wayne Zhao

We consider the problem of coloring a grid using k colors with the restriction that in each row and each column has an specific number of cells of each color. In an already classical result, Ryser obtained a necessary and sufficient…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-04-22 Christoph Durr , Flavio Guinez , Martin Matamala

A necklace can be considered as a cyclic list of $n$ red and $n$ blue beads in an arbitrary order, and the goal is to fold it into two and find a large cross-free matching of pairs of beads of different colors. We give a counterexample for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-27 Endre Csóka , Zoltán L. Blázsik , Zoltán Király , Dániel Lenger

Suppose that $n \ge 2$, and we wish to plant $k$ different types of trees in the squares of an $n \times n$ square grid. We can have as many of each type as we want. The only rule is that every pair of types must occur in an adjacent pair…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Matthew Kahle , Francisco Martinez-Figueroa , Alexander Soifer

We generalize classical triangular Schubert puzzles to puzzles with convex polygonal boundary. We give these puzzles a geometric Schubert calculus interpretation and derive novel combinatorial commutativity statements, using purely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Portia Anderson

Inspired by a common technique for shuffling a deck of cards on a table without riffling, we continue the study of a prequel paper on the pile shuffle and its capabilities as a sorting device. We study two sort feasibility problems of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kyle B. Treleaven

Peg solitaire is an old puzzle with a 300 year history. We consider two ways a computer can be utilized to find interesting peg solitaire puzzles. It is common for a peg solitaire puzzle to begin from a symmetric board position, we have…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-09-12 George I. Bell

In this paper we demonstrate a method for counting the number of solutions to various logic puzzles. Specifically, we remove all of the "clues" from the puzzle which help the solver to a unique solution, and instead start from an empty…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-15 George Spahn

We prove that the classic falling-block video game Tetris (both survival and board clearing) remains NP-complete even when restricted to 8 columns, or to 4 rows, settling open problems posed over 15 years ago [BDH+04]. Our reduction is from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Sualeh Asif , Michael Coulombe , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Adam Hesterberg , Jayson Lynch , Mihir Singhal

A free-form Sudoku puzzle is a square arrangement of m times m cells such that the cells are partitioned into m subsets (called blocks) of equal cardinality. The goal of the puzzle is to place integers 1,...,m in the cells such that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Mohammad Abudayah , Omar Alomari , Torsten Sander