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Transformation and detection of photons in higher-order spatial modes usually requires complicated holographic techniques. Detectors based on spatial holograms suffer from non-idealities and should be carefully calibrated. We report a novel…
In this paper, we explore the possibility of measuring the complete polarizations of cosmic photons $\gamma$ and the polarizations of cosmic electrons $e^{-}$ and positrons $e^{+}$. Our innovative Vector Meson Photo-production induced…
Engineering vector spatial modes of photons is an important approach for manipulating high-dimension photonic states in various quantum optical experiments. In this work, we demonstrate generation of heralded single photons with…
An octant representation of higher-order optical modes that includes Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian modes is presented. The octant picture captures the high-dimensional nature of three-state optical systems and beyond, with standard…
Fractional-order vector vortex beams are recently demonstrated to be new carriers of fractional-strength optical vortices. However, why can those new vortex beams formed by the combination of both unstable states propagate stably in free…
An electric field propagating along a non-planar path can acquire geometric phases. Previously, geometric phases have been linked to spin redirection and independently to spatial mode transformation, resulting in the rotation of…
Free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light has become topical due to the possibility of dramatically increasing communication bandwidth via Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM). While both scalar and vector vortex modes have…
A novel method of generation and synthesis of azimuthally E-polarized vortex beams is presented. Along the axis of propagation such beams have a strong longitudinally polarized magnetic field where ideally there is no electric field. We…
We report on an experiment that investigates the spatial mode conversion in the process of parametric down-conversion seeded by a light beam in a superposition of orbital angular momentum modes. This process is interpreted in terms of a…
We provide the first experimental demonstration of geometric phase generated in association with closed Poincar\'e Sphere trajectories comprised of geodesic arcs that do not start, end, or necessarily even include, the north and south poles…
The concept of geometric phase was applied to initiate the geometric-phase portrayal of electromagnetic scattering by a three-dimensional object in free space. Whereas the incident electromagnetic field is that of an arbitrarily polarized…
Vector vortex beams simultaneously carrying spin and orbital angular momentum of light promise additional degrees of freedom for modern optics and emerging resources for both classical and quantum information technologies. The inherently…
A model for a new electron vortex beam production method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The technique calls on the controlled manipulation of the degrees of freedom of the lens aberrations to achieve a helical phase front.…
We present a generalized Poincar\'e sphere (G sphere) and generalized Stokes parameters (G parameters), as a geometric representation, which unifies the descriptors of a variety of vector fields. Unlike the standard Poincar\'e sphere, the…
In the field of structured light, the study of optical vortices and their vectorial extension--vectorial vortex beams--has garnered substantial interest due to their unique phase and polarisation properties, which make them appealing for…
While polarisation sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification or accumulation, placing fundamental…
We present experimental results of high harmonic generation(HHG) driven by a 1300 nm beam in three different polarization states: linear, radial, and azimuthal. We found that the optimal pressure for phasematching was roughly twice as high…
Under the introduction of any interface in its trajectory, an optical beam experiences polarization-dependent deflections in the longitudinal and transverse directions with respect to the plane of incidence. The physics of such optical beam…
We propose a novel theoretical framework to demonstrate vector beams whose degree of polarization does not change on atmospheric propagation. Inspired by the Fresnel equations, we derive the reflective and refractive field of vector beams…
The wave description of geometric phase uses the superposition of light waves to explain the geometric phase's origin. While our previous work focused on a basis of linearly polarized waves, here we show that the same concepts can be…