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We present an in principle lossless sorter for radial modes of light, using accumulated Gouy phases. The experimental setups have been found by a computer algorithm, and can be intuitively understood in a geometric way. Together with the…
When generalized from plane waves to general vector beams, the notion of polarization described by the Stokes parameters turns out to be defined in a momentum-associated system that is fixed by the so-called Stratton vector. As the true…
The geometric phase in optics (GPIO) is directly associated with the polarization of light. We investigate the physical principles underlying the occurrence of the GPIO for a single-mode light beam propagating in a single-mode optical fiber…
Vector beams with spatially structured polarization and intertwined spin-orbital angular momentum (SAM-OAM) provide powerful degrees of freedom for tailoring light-matter interactions. While such structured beams are well established in the…
Vectorial structured light with spatially varying amplitude, phase, and polarization is reshaping many areas of modern optics, including nonlinear optics, as diverse parametric processes can be used to explore interactions between such…
Symmetry-driven phenomena arising in nonlocal metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) have been opening new avenues to tailor enhanced light-matter interactions via perturbative design principles. Geometric…
In a recent work [20], we predicted and experimentally validated a new physical mechanism for altering the propagation path of a monochromatic beam. Specifically, we showed that by properly tailoring the spatial distribution of the linear…
Structured light harnessing multiple degrees of freedom has become a powerful approach to use complex states of light in fundamental studies and applications. Here, we investigate the light field of an ultrafast laser beam with a…
We investigate the gravitational wave polarization modes and stability in Weyl geometry gravity within a Minkowski background. Our results indicate that the tensor sector consists of two standard modes propagating at the speed of light.…
The connection between Poincar\'e spheres for polariz-ation and Gaussian beams is explored, focusing on the interpretation of elliptic polarization in terms of the isotropic 2-dimensional harmonic oscillator in Hamiltonian mechanics, its…
Photons may have homogeneous polarization and may carry quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). Photon entanglement has been realized in various degrees of freedom such as polarization and OAM. Using a pair of orthogonally polarized…
Beam profile engineering, where a desired optical intensity distribution can be generated by an array of phase shifting (or amplitude changing) elements is a promising approach in laser material processing. For example, a spatial light…
Scalar polarization modes of gravitational waves, which are often introduced in the context of the viable extension of gravity, have been actively searched. However, couplings of the scalar modes to the matter are strongly constrained by…
Collective modes in two dimensional topological superconductors are studied by an extended random phase approximation theory while considering the influence of vector field of light. In two situations, the s-wave superconductors without…
Vector beams (VBs) are fully polarized beams with spatially varying polarization distributions, and they have found widespread use in numerous applications such as microscopy, metrology, optical trapping, nano-photonics, and communications.…
Polarization of light beams is one of the most important physical phenomena. But up till now it was only described in the paraxial approximation in which it is considered to be a single degree of freedom that is characterized by the local…
Gravitational waves in general relativity contain two polarization degrees of freedom, commonly labeled plus and cross. Besides those two tensor modes, generic theories of gravity predict up to four additional polarization modes: two scalar…
The ideal imaging system would efficiently capture information about all fundamental properties light: intensity, direction, wavelength, and polarization. Most common imaging systems only map the spatial degrees of freedom of light onto a…
We deduce a set of circularly polarized Gaussian laser beam modes via a separation-of-variables solution to the Helmholtz wave equation in oblate spheriodal coordinates. On transforming to cylindrical coordinates these become the well-known…
We experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a Gaussian beam to an approximate Bessel-Gauss mode by making use of a non-collinear four-wave mixing process in hot atomic vapor. The presence of a strong, spatially non-Gaussian pump both…