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We propose the problem of tutorial generation for games, i.e. to generate tutorials which can teach players to play games, as an AI problem. This problem can be approached in several ways, including generating natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Julian Togelius

This paper introduces the Procedural Content Generation Benchmark for evaluating generative algorithms on different game content creation tasks. The benchmark comes with 12 game-related problems with multiple variants on each problem.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ahmed Khalifa , Roberto Gallotta , Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis

We propose a three-player spectral generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture to afford GAN with the ability to manage minority classes under imbalance conditions. A class-dependent mixture generator spectral GAN (MGSGAN) has been…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Tanmoy Dam , Sreenatha G. Anavatti , Hussein A. Abbass

In recent years, Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML) techniques have been applied to generate game levels with machine learning. These approaches rely on human-annotated representations of game levels. Creating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Mrunal Jadhav , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) has demonstrated its usefulness as a content and game creation approach, and has been shown to be able to support human creativity. An important facet of creativity is combinational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Sam Snodgrass , Anurag Sarkar

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a powerful indirect genotype-to-phenotype mapping for evolutionary search. Much previous work applying GANs to level generation focuses on fixed-size segments combined into a whole level, but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Jacob Schrum , Benjamin Capps , Kirby Steckel , Vanessa Volz , Sebastian Risi

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) is the process of procedurally generating game content using models trained on existing game content. PCGML methods can struggle to capture the true variance present in underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Bowei Li , Ruohan Chen , Yuqing Xue , Ricky Wang , Wenwen Li , Matthew Guzdial

Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promising performance in generating realistic images. However, they often struggle in learning complex underlying modalities in a given dataset, resulting in poor-quality generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-09 David Keetae Park , Seungjoo Yoo , Hyojin Bahng , Jaegul Choo , Noseong Park

Generative models for level generation have shown great potential in game production. However, they often provide limited control over the generation, and the validity of the generated levels is unreliable. Despite this fact, only a few…

Video game level generation based on machine learning (ML), in particular, deep generative models, has attracted attention as a technique to automate level generation. However, applications of existing ML-based level generations are mostly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Takumi Tanabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma , Youhei Akimoto

Procedural Content Generation for 3D game levels faces challenges in balancing spatial coherence, navigational functionality, and adaptable gameplay progression across multi-floor environments. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

This paper introduces the unsupervised learning problem of playable video generation (PVG). In PVG, we aim at allowing a user to control the generated video by selecting a discrete action at every time step as when playing a video game. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Willi Menapace , Stéphane Lathuilière , Sergey Tulyakov , Aliaksandr Siarohin , Elisa Ricci

With the development of large language models (LLMs) in the field of programming, intelligent programming coaching systems have gained widespread attention. However, most research focuses on repairing the buggy code of programming learners…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenlong Dai , Zhuoluo Zhao , Hengning Wang , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao , Zhipeng Gao , Jingyuan Chen

Balancing games, especially those with asymmetric multiplayer content, requires significant manual effort and extensive human playtesting during development. For this reason, this work focuses on generating balanced levels tailored to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Florian Rupp , Kai Eckert

In this paper, we present a new methodology that employs tester agents to automate video game testing. We introduce two types of agents -synthetic and human-like- and two distinct approaches to create them. Our agents are derived from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Sinan Ariyurek , Aysu Betin-Can , Elif Surer

Procedural content generation (PCG) is of great interest to game design and development as it generates game content automatically. Motivated by the recent learning-based PCG framework and other existing PCG works, we propose an alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Peizhi Shi , Ke Chen

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are unsupervised models designed to learn and replicate a target distribution. The vanilla versions of these models can be extended to more controllable models. Conditional Generative Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mahsa Bazzaz , Seth Cooper

We applied Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to learn a model of DOOM levels from human-designed content. Initially, we analysed the levels and extracted several topological features. Then, for each level, we extracted a set of images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Edoardo Giacomello , Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono

This paper presents a level generation method for Super Mario by stitching together pre-generated "scenes" that contain specific mechanics, using mechanic-sequences from agent playthroughs as input specifications. Given a sequence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Michael Cerny Green , Luvneesh Mugrai , Ahmed Khalifa , Julian Togelius