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Monolithic integration of novel materials for unprecedented device functions without modifying the existing photonic component library is the key to advancing heterogeneous silicon photonic integrated circuits. To achieve this, the…

Driven by the prospects of higher bandwidths for optical interconnects, integrated modulators involving materials beyond those available in silicon manufacturing increasingly rely on the Pockels effect. For instance, wafer-scale bonding of…

The explosive growth of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and large-scale machine learning is driving an urgent demand for short-reach optical interconnects featuring large bandwidth, low power consumption, high integration density,…

Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides with ultra-low optical loss enable integrated photonic applications including low noise, narrow linewidth lasers, chip-scale nonlinear photonics, and microwave photonics. Lasers are key components to SiN…

Lithium niobate (LN) is a promising material for future complex photonic-electronic circuits, with wide applications in fields like communications, sensing, quantum optics, and computation. LN took a great stride toward compact photonic…

While photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are being widely used in applications such as telecommunications and datacenter interconnects, PICs capable of replacing bulk optics and fibers in high-precision, highly-coherent applications will…

We demonstrate a robust low-loss optical interface by tiling passive (i.e., without doping of active ions) thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) and active (i.e., doped with rare earth ions) TFLN substrates for monolithic integration of…

Photonics has been one of the primary beneficiaries of advanced silicon manufacturing. By leveraging on mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process nodes, unprecedented device uniformities and scalability have been…

Optics · Physics 2023-12-13 Luigi Ranno , Jia Xu Brian Sia , Khoi Phuong Dao , Juejun Hu

Silicon nitride (Si3N4), as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) material, finds wide use in modern integrated circuit (IC) technology. The past decade has witnessed tremendous development of Si3N4 in photonic areas, with…

Extending two-dimensional photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to three-dimensional (3D) configurations promises great potential for scaling up integration, enhancing functionality, and improving performance of PICs. Silicon-based 3D PICs…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-03 Liang Zhang , Yanan Guo , Junxi Wang , Jinmin Li , Jianchang Yan

Two dimensional materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for optical modulation, detection, and light emission since their material properties can be tuned on-demand via electrostatic doping. The…

Adaptable, reconfigurable and programmable are key functionalities for the next generation of silicon-based photonic processors, neural and quantum networks. Phase change technology offers proven non-volatile electronic programmability,…

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) play a crucial role in almost every aspect of modern life, such as data storage, telecommunications, medical diagnostics, green energy, autonomous driving, agriculture, and high-performance computing. To…

Visible and near-infrared spectrum photonic integrated circuits are quickly becoming a key technology to address the scaling challenges in quantum information and biosensing. Thus far, integrated photonic platforms in this spectral range…

We report an electrically actuated, low-loss non-volatile optical switch based on the phase-change material (PCM) Sb2Se3 integrated on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. The device is fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-scale process flow,…

Microwave-frequency acoustic waves in solids have emerged as a versatile platform for both classical and quantum applications. While phononic integrated devices and circuits are being developed on various material platforms, an ideal…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jun Ji , Joseph G Thomas , Zichen Xi , Ruxuan Liu , Kinson Fang , Yuan Qin , Andreas Beling , Xu Yi , Yizheng Zhu , Linbo Shao

Co-Packaged Optics applications require scalable and high-yield optical interfacing solutions to silicon photonic chiplets, offering low-loss, broadband, and polarization-independent optical coupling while maintaining compatibility with…

Nonlinear photonic chips have enabled the generation and processing of signals using only light, with performance far superior to that possible electronically - particularly with respect to speed. Although silicon-on-insulator has been the…

Heterogeneous integration of gain and strongly nonlinear materials with ultra-low-loss silicon nitride (SiN) photonics offers a route to scalable quantum circuits, but concurrent wafer-scale manufacturability, low interlayer loss, and high…

Silicon-nitride-on-insulator photonic circuits have seen tremendous advances in many applications, such as on-chip frequency combs, Lidar, telecommunications, and spectroscopy. So far, the best film quality has been achieved with low…