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By a poly-line drawing of a graph G on n vertices we understand a drawing of G in the plane such that each edge is represented by a polygonal arc joining its two respective vertices. We call a turning point of a polygonal arc the bend. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-15 Radoslav Fulek , Balázs Keszegh , Filip Morić

A simple topological graph is a topological graph in which any two edges have at most one common point, which is either their common endpoint or a proper crossing. More generally, in a k-simple topological graph, every pair of edges has at…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Péter Hajnal , Alexander Igamberdiev , Günter Rote , André Schulz

One-dimensional geometric random graphs are constructed by distributing $n$ nodes uniformly and independently on a unit interval and then assigning an undirected edge between any two nodes that have a distance at most $r_n$. These graphs…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-02-20 Jun Zhao , Osman Yağan , Virgil Gligor

Beyond-planarity focuses on the study of geometric and topological graphs that are in some sense nearly-planar. Here, planarity is relaxed by allowing edge crossings, but only with respect to some local forbidden crossing configurations.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Maximilian Pfister , Torsten Ueckerdt

Given a set of objects $O$ in the plane, the corresponding intersection graph is defined as follows. Each object defines a vertex and an edge joins two vertices whenever the corresponding objects intersect. We study here the case of unit…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Michael Hoffmann , Tillmann Miltzow , Simon Weber , Lasse Wulf

Let $n, r, k$ be positive integers such that $3\leq k < n$ and $2\leq r \leq k-1$. Let $m(n, r, k)$ denote the maximum number of edges an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices can have under the condition that any collection of $i$ edges,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-10-05 Niranjan Balachandran , Srimanta Bhattacharya

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

We study the number of connected graphs with $n$ vertices that cannot be written as the cartesian product of two graphs with fewer vertices. We give an upper bound which implies that for large $n$ almost all graphs are both connected and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Marco Aldi

We determine the number of labelled chordal planar graphs with $n$ vertices, which is asymptotically $c_1\cdot n^{-5/2} \gamma^n n!$ for a constant $c_1>0$ and $\gamma \approx 11.89235$. We also determine the number of rooted simple chordal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Jordi Castellví , Marc Noy , Clément Requilé

Word-representable graphs are a class of graphs that can be represented by words, where edges and non-edges are determined by the alternation of letters in those words. Several papers in the literature have explored the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Herman Z. Q. Chen , Humaira Hameed , Sergey Kitaev

Graph representation learning has been widely studied and demonstrated effectiveness in various graph tasks. Most existing works embed graph data in the Euclidean space, while recent works extend the embedding models to hyperbolic or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Cheng Deng , Fan Xu , Jiaxing Ding , Luoyi Fu , Weinan Zhang , Xinbing Wang

Series-parallel (SP) graphs are binary edge-labeled graphs with a designated source and target vertex, built using serial and parallel composition. A set of graphs is recognizable if membership depends only on its image under a homomorphism…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Marius Bozga , Radu Iosif , Florian Zuleger

The notion of a $k$-11-representable graph was introduced by Jeff Remmel in 2017 and studied by Cheon et al.\ in 2019 as a natural extension of the extensively studied notion of word-representable graphs, which are precisely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Mikhail Futorny , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

We consider the degree/diameter problem for graphs embedded in a surface, namely, given a surface $\Sigma$ and integers $\Delta$ and $k$, determine the maximum order $N(\Delta,k,\Sigma)$ of a graph embeddable in $\Sigma$ with maximum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Ramiro Feria-Puron , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio

Traditional representations of graphs and their duals suggest the requirement that the dual vertices be placed inside their corresponding primal faces, and the edges of the dual graph cross only their corresponding primal edges. We consider…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 C. Erten , S. G. Kobourov

Graphs, and sequences of growing graphs, can be used to specify the architecture of mathematical models in many fields including machine learning and computational science. Here we define structured graph "lineages" (ordered by level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Eric Mjolsness , Cory B. Scott

In this paper, we study orthogonal colourings of random geometric graphs. Two colourings of a graph are orthogonal if they have the property that when two vertices receive the same colour in one colouring, then those vertices receive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Jeannette Janssen , Kyle MacKeigan

A common problem in graph colouring seeks to decompose the edge set of a given graph into few similar and simple subgraphs, under certain divisibility conditions. In 1987 Wormald conjectured that the edges of every cubic graph on $4n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Gal Kronenberg , Shoham Letzter , Alexey Pokrovskiy , Liana Yepremyan

A drawing of a graph is $k$-plane if every edge contains at most $k$ crossings. A $k$-plane drawing is saturated if we cannot add any edge so that the drawing remains $k$-plane. It is well-known that saturated $0$-plane drawings, that is,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 János Barát , Géza Tóth

A set $\mathcal{G}$ of planar graphs on the same number $n$ of vertices is called simultaneously embeddable if there exists a set $P$ of $n$ points in the plane such that every graph $G \in \mathcal{G}$ admits a (crossing-free)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Raphael Steiner