Related papers: Initial State Summary of Hard Probes 2020
The energy and baryon densities in heavy ion collisions are estimated by analytically solving a 1+1 dimensional hydrodynamical model with source terms. Particularly, a competition between the energy and baryon sources and the expansion of…
Heavy-ion collisions covering a wide range of collision energies provide a vast amount of observables characterizing the properties of strongly-interacting matter. In particular collisions towards the high baryon-density regime of the QCD…
In the past decade the observation of cross section modification for leading hadrons, heavy flavor and two particle correlations in heavy ion collisions has provided important insights into the dynamics of parton propagation in dense…
The status of flow in heavy-ion collisions and of inference of hadronic-matter properties is reviewed.
The initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions are calculated in many different frameworks. The importance of nucleon position fluctuations within the nucleus and sub-nucleon structure has been established when modeling initial conditions…
Heavy-ion collisions provide a versatile terrestrial probe of the nuclear equation of state through the formation of nuclear matter at a wide variety of temperatures, densities, and pressures. Direct and indirect approaches for constraining…
Heavy-ion collisions are well described by a dynamical evolution with a long hydrodynamical phase. In this phase the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma are reflected in the equation of state (EoS) and the transport…
An introductory overview of electromagnetic probes in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is provided. Experimental evidence supporting the production of thermal photons and dileptons in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy…
Objects which are only subject to the electroweak force are an ideal probe of QCD in high density and temperature environments as they carry information about the conditions during their production out of the QGP without interacting with…
After years of experimental and theoretical efforts, direct photons become a strong and reliable tool to establish the basic characteristics of a hot and dense matter produced in heavy ion collisions. The recent direct photon measurements…
Ultracentral heavy ion collisions due to their exceptionally large multiplicity probe an interesting regime of quark-gluon plasma where the size is (mostly) fixed and fluctuations in the initial condition dominate. Spurred by the recent…
In this article, we briefly review recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling and its implementations to relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The related topics include: 1) initial state fluctuations, final state…
Relativistic heavy ion collisions produce nuclei-sized droplets of quark-gluon plasma whose expansion is well described by viscous hydrodynamic calculations. Over the past half decade, this formalism was also found to apply to smaller…
A variety of phenomena connected with the formation of a dinuclear complex is observed in the heavy ion collisions at low energies. The dinuclear system model allows us to analyze the experimental data and to interpret them by comparison of…
We study the stability of fragments using microscopic binding energy criteria in heavy-ion collisions.
Some of the new developments in the theory of heavy ion collisions are reviewed. Much of the last progress have been triggered by the high energies available at RHIC. In the near future, the LHC will extend the energy reach in heavy ions by…
Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic…
The early stages of high energy heavy ion collisions are studied in the Color Glass Condensate framework, with a real-time classical lattice simulation. When increasing the coupling constant, we observe a rapid increase of the ratio of…
We present an overview of the scientific opportunities that would be offered by a high-energy electron-ion collider. We discuss the relevant physics of polarized and unpolarized electron-proton collisions and of electron-nucleus collisions.…
Relativistic hydrodynamics has been quite successful in explaining the collective behaviour of the QCD matter produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We briefly review the latest developments in the hydrodynamical…