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This article aims to cover pupillography, and its potential use in a number of ophthalmological diagnostic applications in biomedical space. With the ever-increasing incorporation of technology within our daily lives and an ever-growing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Usama Younus , Nirupam Roy

Successful learning depends on learners' ability to sustain attention, which is particularly challenging in online education due to limited teacher interaction. A potential indicator for attention is gaze synchrony, demonstrating predictive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Babette Bühler , Efe Bozkir , Hannah Deininger , Peter Gerjets , Ulrich Trautwein , Enkelejda Kasneci

We present PicoEyes, a unified gaze estimation framework that directly predicts all key attributes of gaze, including 3D eye parameters, eye-region segmentation, optical axis, visual axis, and depth maps, from either monocular or binocular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fuxin Duan , Hui Wang

Eye-tracking offers rich insights into student cognition and engagement, but remains underutilized in classroom-facing educational technology due to challenges in data interpretation and accessibility. In this paper, we present the…

Research on video-based eye-tracking has long explored stereo and glint-based methods, yet existing wearable eye trackers - both commercial and open-source - offer limited flexibility for algorithm development and comparative evaluation. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Alexander Zimmer , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkelejda Kasneci

Personal variations severely limit the performance of appearance-based gaze tracking. Adapting to these variations using standard neural network model adaptation methods is difficult. The problems range from overfitting, due to small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Erik Lindén , Jonas Sjöstrand , Alexandre Proutiere

Due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19, many classes, exams, and meetings have been conducted non-face-to-face. However, the foundation for video conferencing solutions is still insufficient. So this technology has become an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Suneung-Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

We study gaze estimation on tablets, our key design goal is uncalibrated gaze estimation using the front-facing camera during natural use of tablets, where the posture and method of holding the tablet is not constrained. We collected the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Qiong Huang , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Ashutosh Sabharwal

Eye-gaze tracking research offers significant promise in enhancing various healthcare-related tasks, above all in medical image analysis and interpretation. Eye tracking, a technology that monitors and records the movement of the eyes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Sahar Moradizeyveh , Mehnaz Tabassum , Sidong Liu , Robert Ahadizad Newport , Amin Beheshti , Antonio Di Ieva

This work presents a next-generation human-robot interface that can infer and realize the user's manipulation intention via sight only. Specifically, we develop a system that integrates near-eye-tracking and robotic manipulation to enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Shaochen Wang , Wei Zhang , Zhangli Zhou , Jiaxi Cao , Ziyang Chen , Kang Chen , Bin Li , Zhen Kan

Learning-based methods are believed to work well for unconstrained gaze estimation, i.e. gaze estimation from a monocular RGB camera without assumptions regarding user, environment, or camera. However, current gaze datasets were collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Mario Fritz , Andreas Bulling

Recent research has demonstrated the ability to estimate gaze on mobile devices by performing inference on the image from the phone's front-facing camera, and without requiring specialized hardware. While this offers wide potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Matan Sela , Pingmei Xu , Junfeng He , Vidhya Navalpakkam , Dmitry Lagun

Introduction: In the realm of human-computer interaction and behavioral research, accurate real-time gaze estimation is critical. Traditional methods often rely on expensive equipment or large datasets, which are impractical in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Esther Enhui Ye , John Enzhou Ye , Joseph Ye , Jacob Ye , Runzhou Ye

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated neurological condition which is challenging to diagnose. Numerous studies demonstrate that children diagnosed with autism struggle with maintaining attention spans and have less focused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Md. Farhadul Islam , Meem Arafat Manab , Joyanta Jyoti Mondal , Sarah Zabeen , Fardin Bin Rahman , Md. Zahidul Hasan , Farig Sadeque , Jannatun Noor

Research investigating cognitive aspects of information systems is often dependent on detail-rich data. Eye-trackers promise to provide respective data, but the associated costs are often beyond the researchers' budget. Recently,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-11-16 Stefan Zugal , Jakob Pinggera

Driver's eye gaze holds a wealth of cognitive and intentional cues crucial for intelligent vehicles. Despite its significance, research on in-vehicle gaze estimation remains limited due to the scarcity of comprehensive and well-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yihua Cheng , Yaning Zhu , Zongji Wang , Hongquan Hao , Yongwei Liu , Shiqing Cheng , Xi Wang , Hyung Jin Chang

This paper presents a low-cost eye-tracker aimed at carrying out tests based on a Visual Paired Comparison protocol for the early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. The proposed eye-tracking system is based on machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Danilo Greco , Francesco Masulli , Stefano Rovetta , Alberto Cabri , Davide Daffonchio

Unobtrusive every day health monitoring can be of important use for the elderly population. In particular, pupil size may be a valuable source of information, since, apart from pathological cases, it can reveal the emotional state, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-02 Sergios Petridis , Theodoros Giannakopoulos , Costantine D. Spyropoulos

Imitation learning for acquiring generalizable policies often requires a large volume of demonstration data, making the process significantly costly. One promising strategy to address this challenge is to leverage the cognitive and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yutaro Ishida , Takamitsu Matsubara , Takayuki Kanai , Kazuhiro Shintani , Hiroshi Bito

Existing eye tracking software have certain limitations, especially with respect to monitoring reading online: (1) Most eye tracking software record eye tracking data as raw coordinates and stimuli as screen images/videos, but without…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daniel Hienert , Heiko Schmidt , Thomas Krämer , Dagmar Kern