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The research reported in this article represents a systematic, multi-year investigation of student understanding of the behavior of bipolar junction transistor circuits using a variety of different tasks to isolate and probe key aspects of…
This work reports an approach to study complementary pairs of bipolar junction transistors, often used in push-pull circuits typically found at the output stages of operational amplifiers. After the data is acquired and pre-processed, an…
Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) have been at the core of linear electronics from its beginnings. Although their properties can be well represented transport model equations, design and analysis approaches have, to a good extent, been…
Despite the apparent cross-disciplinary interactions among scientific fields, a formal description of their evolution is lacking. Here we describe a novel approach to study the dynamics and evolution of scientific fields using a…
Networks are important representations in computer science to communicate structural aspects of a given system of interacting components. The evolution of a network has several topological properties that can provide us information on the…
Collaboration networks are studied as an example of growing bipartite networks. These have been previously observed to have structure such as positive correlations between nearest-neighbour degrees. However, a detailed understanding of the…
The concept of a magnetic bipolar transistor (MBT) is introduced. The transistor has at least one magnetic region (emitter, base, or collector) characterized by spin-splitting of the carrier bands. In addition, nonequilibrium (source) spin…
The relationship of scientific knowledge development to technological development is widely recognized as one of the most important and complex aspects of technological evolution. This paper adds to our understanding of the relationship…
The co-authorship network of scientists represents a prototype of complex evolving networks. By mapping the electronic database containing all relevant journals in mathematics and neuro-science for an eight-year period (1991-98), we infer…
The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture, analogous to a heterojunction bipolar transistor is studied. In this architecture, two diode arms consisting of donor-acceptor molecular wires fuse through a ring,…
Transistors are the cornerstone of modern electronics. Yet, their relatively complex characteristics, allied with often observed great parameter variation, remain a challenge for discrete and integrated electronics. Much of transistor…
The equivalent electrical circuit of the Ebers-Moll type is introduced for magnetic bipolar transistors. In addition to conventional diodes and current sources, the new circuit comprises two novel elements due to spin-charge coupling. A…
Describing the evolution of science is a salient work not only for revealing the scientific trend but also for establishing a scientific classification system. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of science by observing the…
The emergence and popularization of online social networks suddenly made available a large amount of data from social organization, interaction and human behavior. All this information opens new perspectives and challenges to the study of…
Empirical studies of graphs have contributed enormously to our understanding of complex systems. Known today as network science, what was originally a theoretical study of graphs has grown into a more scientific exploration of communities…
Networks effectively capture interactions among components of complex systems, and have thus become a mainstay in many scientific disciplines. Growing evidence, especially from biology, suggest that networks undergo changes over time, and…
Multilayer network science has emerged as a central framework for analysing interconnected and interdependent complex systems. Its relevance has grown substantially with the increasing availability of rich, heterogeneous data, which makes…
Complex systems have motivated continuing interest from the scientific community, leading to new concepts and methods. Growing systems represent a case of particular interest, as their topological, geometrical, and also dynamical properties…
Recent development in fabrication technology of planar two-dimensional (2D) materials has brought up possibilities of numerous novel applications. Our recent analysis has revealed that by definition of p-n junctions through appropriate…
Understanding the changing structure of science over time is essential to elucidating how science evolves. We develop diachronic embeddings of scholarly periodicals to quantify "semantic changes" of periodicals across decades, allowing us…