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Unconstrained lip-to-speech synthesis aims to generate corresponding speeches from silent videos of talking faces with no restriction on head poses or vocabulary. Current works mainly use sequence-to-sequence models to solve this problem,…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Yongqi Wang , Zhou Zhao

Transformers have recently dominated the ASR field. Although able to yield good performance, they involve an autoregressive (AR) decoder to generate tokens one by one, which is computationally inefficient. To speed up inference,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Zhifu Gao , Shiliang Zhang , Ian McLoughlin , Zhijie Yan

Error correction techniques have been used to refine the output sentences from automatic speech recognition (ASR) models and achieve a lower word error rate (WER) than original ASR outputs. Previous works usually use a sequence-to-sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yichong Leng , Xu Tan , Linchen Zhu , Jin Xu , Renqian Luo , Linquan Liu , Tao Qin , Xiang-Yang Li , Ed Lin , Tie-Yan Liu

Lip reading, aiming to recognize spoken sentences according to the given video of lip movements without relying on the audio stream, has attracted great interest due to its application in many scenarios. Although prior works that explore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Zhijie Lin , Zhou Zhao , Haoyuan Li , Jinglin Liu , Meng Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Xiaofei He

While autoregressive (AR) LLM-based ASR systems achieve strong accuracy, their sequential decoding limits parallelism and incurs high latency. We propose NLE, a non-autoregressive (NAR) approach that formulates speech recognition as…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Avihu Dekel , Samuel Thomas , Takashi Fukada , George Saon

Automatic lip-reading (ALR) aims to automatically transcribe spoken content from a speaker's silent lip motion captured in video. Current mainstream lip-reading approaches only use a single visual encoder to model input videos of a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 He Wang , Pengcheng Guo , Xucheng Wan , Huan Zhou , Lei Xie

Auto-regressive (AR) models, initially successful in language generation, have recently shown promise in visual generation tasks due to their superior sampling efficiency. Unlike image generation, video generation requires a substantially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xuan Shen , Weize Ma , Yufa Zhou , Enhao Tang , Yanyue Xie , Zhengang Li , Yifan Gong , Quanyi Wang , Henghui Ding , Yiwei Wang , Yanzhi Wang , Pu Zhao , Jun Lin , Jiuxiang Gu

In this work, we argue that not all sequence-to-sequence tasks require the strong inductive biases of autoregressive (AR) models. Tasks like multilingual transliteration, code refactoring, grammatical correction or text normalization often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lakshya Tomar , Vinayak Abrol , Puneet Agarwal

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained more and more attention in speech processing. With recent state-of-the-art attention-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) structure, NAR can realize promising real-time factor (RTF)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Tianzi Wang , Yuya Fujita , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

Autoregressive (AR) Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across numerous tasks. However, the AR modeling paradigm presents certain limitations; for instance, contemporary autoregressive LLMs are trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are often advertised as enabling parallel token generation, yet practical fast DLMs frequently converge to left-to-right, autoregressive (AR)-like decoding dynamics. In contrast, genuinely non-AR generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pengxiang Li , Dilxat Muhtar , Tianlong Chen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

Non-autoregressive (NAR) models simultaneously generate multiple outputs in a sequence, which significantly reduces the inference speed at the cost of accuracy drop compared to autoregressive baselines. Showing great potential for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Yosuke Higuchi , Nanxin Chen , Yuya Fujita , Hirofumi Inaguma , Tatsuya Komatsu , Jaesong Lee , Jumon Nozaki , Tianzi Wang , Shinji Watanabe

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often rely on autoregressive (AR) Transformer decoder architectures, which limit efficient inference parallelization due to their sequential nature. To this end, non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tianzi Wang , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Zhaoqing Li , Shoukang Hu , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Mingyu Cui , Helen Meng , Xunying Liu

Lip Reading, or Visual Automatic Speech Recognition (V-ASR), is a complex task requiring the interpretation of spoken language exclusively from visual cues, primarily lip movements and facial expressions. This task is especially challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Marshall Thomas , Edward Fish , Richard Bowden

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained significant interest in speech processing since these models achieve dramatically lower inference time than autoregressive (AR) models while also achieving good transcription accuracy. Since NAR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siddhant Arora , George Saon , Shinji Watanabe , Brian Kingsbury

Auto-Regressive (AR) models have recently gained prominence in image generation, often matching or even surpassing the performance of diffusion models. However, one major limitation of AR models is their sequential nature, which processes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Doohyuk Jang , Sihwan Park , June Yong Yang , Yeonsung Jung , Jihun Yun , Souvik Kundu , Sung-Yub Kim , Eunho Yang

Lipreading is the task of decoding text from the movement of a speaker's mouth. Traditional approaches separated the problem into two stages: designing or learning visual features, and prediction. More recent deep lipreading approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Yannis M. Assael , Brendan Shillingford , Shimon Whiteson , Nando de Freitas

Speech-to-text errors made by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems negatively impact downstream models. Error correction models as a post-processing text editing method have been recently developed for refining the ASR outputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ziji Zhang , Zhehui Wang , Rajesh Kamma , Sharanya Eswaran , Narayanan Sadagopan

Autoregressive (AR) language models have emerged as powerful solutions for zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, capable of generating natural speech from a few seconds of audio prompts. However, conventional AR-based TTS systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Chun Yat Wu , Jiajun Deng , Guinan Li , Qiuqiang Kong , Simon Lui

Visual cues, like lip motion, have been shown to improve the performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems in noisy environments. We propose LipGER (Lip Motion aided Generative Error Correction), a novel framework for leveraging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-10 Sreyan Ghosh , Sonal Kumar , Ashish Seth , Purva Chiniya , Utkarsh Tyagi , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha
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