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We investigate entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocols, with particular emphasis on their efficiency under realistic conditions of satellite quantum communications, where performance is limited by the low power of a received…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Vera Uzunova , Marcin Jarzyna

We report on the first real-time implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system using entangled photon pairs that are sent over two free-space optical telescope links. The entangled photon pairs are produced with a type-II…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 C. Erven , C. Couteau , R. Laflamme , G. Weihs

We propose a quantum key distribution protocol with quantum based user authentication. Our protocol is the first one in which users can authenticate each other without previously shared secret and then securely distribute a key where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hwayean Lee , Jongin Lim , HyungJin Yang

An energy-time entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) is demonstrated experimentally over optical fibers of 20 km. In the experiment, the telecom band energy-time entangled photon pairs are generated through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

In this paper, we present a scheme for quantum key distribution, in which different-frequency photons are used to encode the key. Thses different-frequency photons are produced by an acoustic-optical modulator and two kinds of narrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Bao-Sen Shi , Yun-Kun Jiang , Guang-Can Guo

Photons are central to quantum technologies, with photonic qubits offering a promising platform for quantum communication. Semiconductor quantum dots stand out for their ability to generate single photons on demand, a key capability for…

A simple protocol which takes advantage of the inherent random times of detections in single photon counting modules is presented for random active basis choices when using entanglement-based protocols for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). It…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows unconditionally secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics rather then assumptions about computational hardness. Optimizing the operation parameters of a given QKD implementation is…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable secure communication between parties involved. Single-photon quantum emitters offer remarkable on-demand photon emission,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Paolo Barigelli , Francesco Sirovich , Gonzalo Carvacho , Fabio Sciarrino

We present a quantum key distribution protocol based on four-level particles entanglement. Furthermore, a controlled quantum key distribution protocol is proposed by utilizing three four-level particles. We show that the two protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 Tao Yan , Fengli Yan

Quantum communication networks enable applications ranging from highly secure communication to clock synchronization and distributed quantum computing. Miniaturized, flexible, and cost-efficient resources will be key elements for ensuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 F. Appas , F. Baboux , M. I. Amanti , A. Lemaître , F. Boitier , E. Diamanti , S. Ducci

Entanglement swapping between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs can be used to generate the same sequence of random bits in two remote places. A quantum key distribution protocol based on this idea is described. The scheme exhibits the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Adan Cabello

A key goal of quantum communication is to determine the maximum number of bits shared between two quantum systems. An important example of this is in entanglement based quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. A realistic treatment of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Thomas Brougham , Stephen M. Barnett

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an emerging cryptographic method designed for secure key sharing. Its security is theoretically guaranteed by fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, making it a leading candidate for future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Chia-Tso Lai

The theoretically proven security of quantum key distribution (QKD) could revolutionise how information exchange is protected in the future. Several field tests of QKD have proven it to be a reliable technology for cryptographic key…

We present our approach for sharing photons and assessing resultant four-photon visibility between two distant parties using concatenated entanglement swapping. In addition we determine the corresponding key generation rate and the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Aeysha Khalique , Barry C. Sanders

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant users to exchange a secret key with information-theoretic security, based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. While it is arguably the most mature application of quantum…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

Quantum key distribution -- the establishment of information-theoretically secure keys based on quantum physics -- is mainly limited by its practical performance, which is characterised by the dependence of the key rate on the channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 Pei Zeng , Hongyi Zhou , Weijie Wu , Xiongfeng Ma

The academic research into entanglement nicely illustrates the interplay between fundamental science and applications, and the need to foster both aspects to advance either one. For instance, the possibility to distribute entangled photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Nicolas Gisin , Sébastien Tanzilli , Wolfgang Tittel