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Emerging computing architectures such as near-memory computing (NMC) promise improved performance for applications by reducing the data movement between CPU and memory. However, detecting such applications is not a trivial task. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Stefano Corda , Gagandeep Singh , Ahsan Javed Awan , Roel Jordans , Henk Corporaal

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

The need for application-specific design of multicore/manycore processing platforms is evident with computing systems finding use in diverse application domains. In order to tailor multicore/manycore processors for application specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Prasanna Kansakar , Arslan Munir

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

In recent years, the space community has been exploring the possibilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for a variety of on board applications. However, this development is limited by the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zacharia A. Rudge , Dario Izzo , Moritz Fieback , Anteneh Gebregiorgis , Said Hamdioui , Dominik Dold

Recently, in-memory analog matrix computing (AMC) with nonvolatile resistive memory has been developed for solving matrix problems in one step, e.g., matrix inversion of solving linear systems. However, the analog nature sets up a barrier…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Lunshuai Pan , Pushen Zuo , Yubiao Luo , Zhong Sun , Ru Huang

Manycore SoC architectures based on on-chip shared memory are preferred for flexible and programmable solutions in many application domains. However, the development of many ported memory is becoming increasingly challenging as we approach…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Hao Luan , Alan Gatherer

There is an ongoing effort to develop tools that apply distributed computational resources to tackle large problems or reduce the time to solve them. In this context, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) arises as a method…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-09 Ning Hao , AmirReza Oghbaee , Mohammad Rostami , Nate Derbinsky , José Bento

In-Memory Computing (IMC) has emerged as a promising paradigm for energy-efficient, throughput-efficient and area-efficient machine learning at the edge. However, the differences in hardware architectures, array dimensions, and fabrication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Jiacong Sun , Pouya Houshmand , Marian Verhelst

The resurgence of near-memory processing (NMP) with the advent of big data has shifted the computation paradigm from processor-centric to memory-centric computing. To meet the bandwidth and capacity demands of memory-centric computing, 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Pritam Majumder , Jiayi Huang , Sungkeun Kim , Abdullah Muzahid , Dylan Siegers , Chia-Che Tsai , Eun Jung Kim

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising computing paradigm to address the memory wall and the fundamental bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture by reducing costly data movement between memory and processing units. As with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahdi Aghaei , Saba Ebrahimi , Mohammad Saleh Arafati , Elham Cheshmikhani , Dara Rahmati , Saeid Gorgin , Jungrae Kim

Modern edge AI workloads demand maximum energy efficiency, motivating the pursuit of analog Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures. Simultaneously, the popularity of Large-Language-Models (LLMs) drives the adoption of low-bit floating-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Brian Rojkov , Shubham Ranjan , Derek Wright , Manoj Sachdev

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

The performance bottleneck of deep-learning-based recommender systems resides in their backbone Deep Neural Networks. By integrating Processing-In-Memory~(PIM) architectures, researchers can reduce data movement and enhance energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Cheng , Tunhou Zhang , Junyao Zhang , Jonathan Hao-Cheng Ku , Yitu Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen

Many convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators face performance- and energy-efficiency challenges which are crucial for embedded implementations, due to high DRAM access latency and energy. Recently, some DRAM architectures have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Implementing embedded neural network processing at the edge requires efficient hardware acceleration that couples high computational performance with low power consumption. Driven by the rapid evolution of network architectures and their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Petar Jokic , Erfan Azarkhish , Andrea Bonetti , Marc Pons , Stephane Emery , Luca Benini

Discrete ordinates $S_N$ transport solvers on unstructured meshes pose a challenge to scale due to complex data dependencies, memory access patterns and a high-dimensional domain. In this paper, we review the performance bottlenecks within…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alex Elwood , Tom Deakin , Justin Lovegrove , Chris Nelson

With the popularity of deep learning, the hardware implementation platform of deep learning has received increasing interest. Unlike the general purpose devices, e.g., CPU, or GPU, where the deep learning algorithms are executed at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Lang Feng , Wenjian Liu , Chuliang Guo , Ke Tang , Cheng Zhuo , Zhongfeng Wang