Related papers: Giant and illusionary giant Goodstein principles
The classical Goodstein process gives rise to long but finite sequences of natural numbers whose termination is not provable in Peano arithmetic. In this manuscript we consider a variant based on the Ackermann function. We show that…
We present variants of Goodstein's theorem that are equivalent to arithmetical comprehension and to arithmetical transfinite recursion, respectively, over a weak base theory. These variants differ from the usual Goodstein theorem in that…
Goodstein's principle is arguably the first purely number-theoretic statement known to be independent of Peano arithmetic. It involves sequences of natural numbers which at first appear to grow very quickly, but eventually decrease to zero.…
We define a variant of the Goodstein process based on fast-growing functions and show that it terminates, but this fact is not provable in Kripke-Platek set theory or other theories of strength the Bachmann-Howard ordinal. We moreover show…
The classical Goodstein process, defined via hereditary base-$k$ exponential normal form, is a well-known example of a principle unprovable in Peano Arithmetic. In this paper, we generalize this framework by constructing a new Goodstein…
The original Goodstein process proceeds by writing natural numbers in nested exponential $k$-normal form, then successively raising the base to $k+1$ and subtracting one from the end result. Such sequences always reach zero, but this fact…
Gaussian quadrature rules are a classical tool for the numerical approximation of integrals with smooth integrands and positive weight functions. We derive and expicitly list asymptotic expressions for the points and weights of Gaussian…
In the late 1980s, Abrusci, Girard and van de Wiele defined a variant of Goodstein sequences: the so-called inverse Goodstein sequence. In their work, they show that it terminates precisely at the Bachmann-Howard ordinal. This reveals that…
The paper proves the Strong Law of Large Numbers for integral functionals of random fields with unboundedly increasing covariances. The case of functional data and increasing domain asymptotics is studied. Conditions to guarantee that the…
We prove a result concerning elementary embeddings of the set-theoretic universe into itself (Reinhardt embeddings) and functions on ordinals that "eventually dominate" such embeddings. We apply that result to show the existence of…
Goodstein's argument is essentially that the hereditary representation m_{[b]} of any given natural number m in the natural number base b can be mirrored in Cantor Arithmetic, and used to well-define a finite decreasing sequence of…
In arXiv:2508.14768, a variant of Goodstein's original process was recently introduced which, given a set $B\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of bases, writes each $n\in\mathbb{N}$ in $B$-normal form, namely $n=b^ea+r$, where $b\in B$ the greatest base…
We derive asymptotic expansions of the Kummer functions $M(a,b,z)$ and $U(a,b+1,z)$ for large positive values of $a$ and $b$, with $z$ fixed. For both functions we consider $b/a\le 1$ and $b/a\ge 1$, with special attention for the case…
We will consider a number of new large-cardinal properties, the $\alpha$-tremendous cardinals for each limit ordinal $\alpha>0$, the hyper-tremendous cardinals, the $\alpha$-enormous cardinals for each limit ordinal $\alpha>0$, and the…
We prove that if $f(n)$ is a Steinhaus or Rademacher random multiplicative function, there almost surely exist arbitrarily large values of $x$ for which $|\sum_{n \leq x} f(n)| \geq \sqrt{x} (\log\log x)^{1/4+o(1)}$. This is the first such…
Many generalizations of continued fractions, where the reciprocal function has been replaced by a more general function, have been studied, and it is often asked whether such generalized expansions can have nice properties. For instance, we…
We consider extensions of the language of Peano arithmetic by transfinitely iterated truth definitions satisfying uniform Tarskian biconditionals. Without further axioms, such theories are known to be conservative extensions of the original…
We introduce a stronger version of an $\omega_1$-guessing model, which we call an indestructibly $\omega_1$-guessing model. The principle IGMP states that there are stationarily many indestructibly $\omega_1$-guessing models. This…
A general class of non-Markov, supercritical Gaussian branching particle systems is introduced and its long-time asymptotics is studied. Both weak and strong laws of large numbers are developed with the limit object being characterized in…
We study criteria for a ring - or more generally, for a small category - to be Gorenstein and for a module over it to be of finite projective dimension. The goal is to unify the universal coefficient theorems found in the literature and to…