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We study an online learning problem in general-sum Stackelberg games, where players act in a decentralized and strategic manner. We study two settings depending on the type of information for the follower: (1) the limited information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yaolong Yu , Haipeng Chen

In repeated interactions between individuals, we do not expect that exactly the same situation will occur from one time to another. Contrary to what is common in models of repeated games in the literature, most real situations may differ a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Anders Eriksson , Kristian Lindgren

We consider a scenario in which two reinforcement learning agents repeatedly play a matrix game against each other and update their parameters after each round. The agents' decision-making is transparent to each other, which allows each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Adrian Hutter

Recent results in the ML community have revealed that learning algorithms used to compute the optimal strategy for the leader to commit to in a Stackelberg game, are susceptible to manipulation by the follower. Such a learning algorithm…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Georgios Birmpas , Jiarui Gan , Alexandros Hollender , Francisco J. Marmolejo-Cossío , Ninad Rajgopal , Alexandros A. Voudouris

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Aditya Aradhye , Branislav Bošanský , Michael Hlaváček

We formulate the novel class of contextual games, a type of repeated games driven by contextual information at each round. By means of kernel-based regularity assumptions, we model the correlation between different contexts and game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Ilija Bogunovic , Andreas Krause , Maryam Kamgarpour

Recent applications of Stackelberg Security Games (SSG), from wildlife crime to urban crime, have employed machine learning tools to learn and predict adversary behavior using available data about defender-adversary interactions. Given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Arunesh Sinha , Debarun Kar , Milind Tambe

In the standard setting of approachability there are two players and a target set. The players play repeatedly a known vector-valued game where the first player wants to have the average vector-valued payoff converge to the target set which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Shie Mannor , Vianney Perchet , Gilles Stoltz

Opponent modeling is essential to exploit sub-optimal opponents in strategic interactions. Most previous works focus on building explicit models to directly predict the opponents' styles or strategies, which require a large amount of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Zhe Wu , Kai Li , Enmin Zhao , Hang Xu , Meng Zhang , Haobo Fu , Bo An , Junliang Xing

In a competitive game scenario, a set of agents have to learn decisions that maximize their goals and minimize their adversaries' goals at the same time. Besides dealing with the increased dynamics of the scenarios due to the opponents'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Pablo Barros , Alessandra Sciutti

We study payoff manipulation in repeated multi-objective Stackelberg games, where a leader may strategically influence a follower's deterministic best response, e.g., by offering a share of their own payoff. We assume that the follower's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Phurinut Srisawad , Juergen Branke , Long Tran-Thanh

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) has recently gained immense interest due to its potential for sample efficiency and ability to incorporate off-policy data. However, designing stable and efficient MBRL algorithms using rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Aravind Rajeswaran , Igor Mordatch , Vikash Kumar

This work studies Stackelberg network interdiction games -- an important class of games in which a defender first allocates (randomized) defense resources to a set of critical nodes on a graph while an adversary chooses its path to attack…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Tien Mai , Avinandan Bose , Arunesh Sinha , Thanh H. Nguyen

A Stackelberg game is played between a leader and a follower. The leader first chooses an action, then the follower plays his best response. The goal of the leader is to pick the action that will maximize his payoff given the follower's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Aaron Roth , Jonathan Ullman , Zhiwei Steven Wu

We frame the meta-learning of prediction procedures as a search for an optimal strategy in a two-player game. In this game, Nature selects a prior over distributions that generate labeled data consisting of features and an associated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-29 Alex Luedtke , Incheoul Chung , Oleg Sofrygin

We revisit the concept of "adversary" in online learning, motivated by solving robust optimization and adversarial training using online learning methods. While one of the classical setups in online learning deals with the "adversarial"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Sebastian Pokutta , Huan Xu

We study learning in a dynamically evolving environment modeled as a Markov game between a learner and a strategic opponent that can adapt to the learner's strategies. While most existing works in Markov games focus on external regret as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

We study sequential language games in which two players, each with private information, communicate to achieve a common goal. In such games, a successful player must (i) infer the partner's private information from the partner's messages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Fereshte Khani , Noah D. Goodman , Percy Liang

We study online learning in unknown Markov games, a problem that arises in episodic multi-agent reinforcement learning where the actions of the opponents are unobservable. We show that in this challenging setting, achieving sublinear regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yi Tian , Yuanhao Wang , Tiancheng Yu , Suvrit Sra

In a multi-follower Bayesian Stackelberg game, a leader plays a mixed strategy over $L$ actions to which $n\ge 1$ followers, each having one of $K$ possible private types, best respond. The leader's optimal strategy depends on the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gerson Personnat , Tao Lin , Safwan Hossain , David C. Parkes