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Related papers: The Soft $\mathcal{S}$-Matrix in Gravity

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At leading order, the $S$-matrices in QED and gravity are known to factorise, providing unambiguous determinations of the parts divergent due to infrared contributions. The soft $S$-matrices defined in this fashion are shown to be defined…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-17 Nikhil Kalyanapuram

It has been shown that in larger than four space-time dimensions, soft factors that relate the amplitudes with a soft photon or graviton to amplitudes without the soft particle also determine the low frequency radiative part of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Alok Laddha , Ashoke Sen

Soft theorems in gauge theory and gravity encode the universal properties of scattering amplitudes as the zero frequency limit of one or more external states is approached. When the participating particles are treated in the massless limit,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-15 Nikhil Kalyanapuram

The universality of gravitational scattering at low energies and large distances encoded in soft theorems and memory effects can be understood from symmetries. In four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes the infinite enhancement of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Sangmin Choi , Alok Laddha , Andrea Puhm

In \cite{1808.03288}, logarithmic correction to subleading soft photon and soft graviton theorems have been derived in four spacetime dimensions from the ratio of IR-finite S-matrices. This has been achieved after factoring out IR-divergent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-15 Hare Krishna , Biswajit Sahoo

Celestial amplitudes represent 4D scattering of particles in boost, rather than the usual energy-momentum, eigenstates and hence are sensitive to both UV and IR physics. We show that known UV and IR properties of quantum gravity translate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-01 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Monica Pate , Ana-Maria Raclariu , Andrew Strominger

Gravitational waves are thought to propagate unattenuated through matter due to a cancellation between graviton absorption and stimulated emission inferred from leading-order soft-graviton arguments. We revisit this reasoning and show that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-03 Wen-Yuan Ai , Sebastian A. R. Ellis , Josef Pradler

We extend a previously developed formulation of the S-matrix, based on a path integral with asymptotic boundary conditions, to include gravity. The path integral defines a Carrollian boundary partition function whose invariance under…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-12 Jack Isen , Per Kraus , Ruben Monten , Richard M. Myers

This chapter reviews the construction of ``soft-collinear gravity'', the effective field theory which describes the interaction of collinear and soft gravitons with matter (and themselves), to all orders in the soft-collinear power…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-20 Martin Beneke , Patrick Hager , Robert Szafron

The conventional gravitational memory effect is a relative displacement in the position of two detectors induced by radiative energy flux. We find a new type of gravitational `spin memory' in which beams on clockwise and counterclockwise…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger , Alexander Zhiboedov

The graviton S-matrix has a famous soft pole. We show that the S-matrix for cylindrical gravitational waves has a soft zero. The soft pole for ordinary gravitons comes from a Ward identity for supertranslation symmetry at asymptotic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-06-13 Robert Penna

The soft factorization theorem for 4D abelian gauge theory states that the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix factorizes into soft and hard parts, with the universal soft part containing all soft and collinear poles. Similarly, correlation functions on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Anjalika Nande , Monica Pate , Andrew Strominger

In general relativity, gravitational memory describes the lasting change in the separation and relative velocity of freely falling detectors after the passage of gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we elucidate the relation between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

Infrared divergences in perturbative gravitational scattering amplitudes have been recently argued to be governed by the two-point function of the supertranslation Goldstone mode on the celestial sphere. We show that the form of this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-30 Kevin Nguyen , Jakob Salzer

We recast the soft $S$-matrices on the celestial sphere as correlation functions of certain $2$-dimensional models of topological defects. In pointing out the double copy structure between the soft photon and soft graviton cases, we arrive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-27 Nikhil Kalyanapuram

Soft graviton theorems receive one-loop contributions that are logarithmic in the energy of the soft graviton, and which are closely related to tails of gravitational waveforms. We demonstrate that these logarithmic corrections are encoded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-25 Shreyansh Agrawal , Laura Donnay , Kevin Nguyen , Romain Ruzziconi

Universal factors associated with the emission of a soft boson in gauge theories and gravity, formulated in the light-cone gauge, are presented. The inverse-soft method, for constructing higher-point amplitudes from lower-point ones, using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-06 Sudarshan Ananth , Chetan Pandey , Saurabh Pant

We consider perturbations of the $4$ dimensional Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime induced by the probe scattering of a point particle with charge and mass moving on an unbound trajectory with an asymptotically large velocity. The resulting…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-18 Karan Fernandes , Arpita Mitra

Soft limits of massless S-matrix are known to reflect symmetries of the theory. In particular for theories with Goldstone bosons, the double-soft limit of scalars reveals the coset structure of the vacuum manifold. In this letter, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-23 Wei-Ming Chen , Yu-tin Huang , Congkao Wen

We consider and derive the gravitational soft theorem up to the sub-subleading power from the perspective of effective Lagrangians. The emergent soft gauge symmetries of the effective Lagrangian provide a transparent explanation of why soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-14 Martin Beneke , Patrick Hager , Robert Szafron
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