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Related papers: The Soft $\mathcal{S}$-Matrix in Gravity

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BFSS proposed that asymptotically flat M-theory is dual to a large $N$ limit of the matrix quantum mechanics describing $N$ nonrelativistic D0-branes. Recent insights on the soft symmetries of any quantum theory of gravity in asymptotically…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-01 Noah Miller , Andrew Strominger , Adam Tropper , Tianli Wang

We show how the $S$-matrix of an extended theory of gravity defined by its three-point amplitudes can be constructed by demanding factorisation. The resultant $S$-matrix has tree amplitudes obeying the same soft singularity theorems as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-24 David C. Dunbar , John H. Godwin , Guy R. Jehu , Warren B. Perkins

Scattering amplitudes in $d+2$ dimensions can be expressed in terms of a conformal basis, for which the S-matrix behaves as a CFT correlation function on the celestial $d$-sphere. We explain how compact expressions for the full tree-level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Tim Adamo , Lionel Mason , Atul Sharma

Soft current algebras capture the infrared structure of scattering in asymptotically flat spacetimes, but an analogous algebraic description of finite-energy dynamics has been missing. We uncover an infinite-dimensional hard current algebra…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Reiko Liu , Wen-Jie Ma

The gravitational radiation emitted during a classical scattering process is known to exhibit two universal logarithmic terms in its soft frequency expansion. We show that these terms can be written in a way that makes the action of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-26 Gianni Boschetti , Miguel Campiglia

Extending our previous results on trans-Planckian ($Gs \gg \hbar$) scattering of light particles in quantum string-gravity we present a calculation of the corresponding S-matrix from the region of large impact parameters ($b \gg…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Amati , M. Ciafaloni , G. Veneziano

Every emission of radiation in gravity also includes a nonwavelike component that leaves a permanent change in proper distances of the spacetime it travels through. This phenomenon is known as gravitational displacement memory. Building up…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-21 Lavinia Heisenberg , Benedetta Rosatello , Guangzi Xu , Jann Zosso

The all-loop resummation of SU$(N)$ gauge theory amplitudes is known to factorize into an IR-divergent (soft and collinear) factor and a finite (hard) piece. The divergent factor is universal, whereas the hard function is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-14 Hernán A. González , Francisco Rojas

In the present note we show that the recently established connections between soft theorems, large gauge transformations and memories are persistant in the infrared safe formulation of quantum field theory. They take a different and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-13 Mischa Panchenko

Recently, it has been shown that the Weinberg's formula for soft graviton production is essentially a Fourier transformation of the formula for gravitational memory which provides an effective way to understand how the classical calculation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-26 Pujian Mao , Hao Ouyang

Classical subleading soft graviton theorem in four space-time dimensions determines the gravitational wave-form at late and early retarded time, generated during a scattering or explosion, in terms of the four momenta of the ingoing and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-27 Arnab Priya Saha , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen

We investigate the hypothesized existence of an S-matrix for gravity, and some of its expected general properties. We first discuss basic questions regarding existence of such a matrix, including those of infrared divergences and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-02 Steven B. Giddings , Rafael A. Porto

We reconsider a gauge theory of gravity in which the gauge group is the conformal group SO(4,2) and the action is of the Yang-Mills form, quadratic in the curvature. The resulting gravitational theory exhibits local conformal symmetry and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-07 Jack Gegenberg , Shohreh Rahmati , Sanjeev S. Seahra

S-matrix elements exhibit universal factorization when multiple infrared photons are emitted in scattering processes. We explicitly show that the leading soft factorization of tree-level amplitudes with the emission of any number of soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-13 Zhengwen Liu , Pujian Mao

We study the soft theorems for photons and gravitons at finite temperatures using the thermofield dynamics approach. The soft factors lose universality at finite temperatures as the soft amplitudes depend on the nature (or spin) of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-09 Divyesh N. Solanki , Srijit Bhattacharjee

A framework of connections between asymptotic symmetries, soft theorems, and memory effects has recently shed light on a universal structure associated with infrared physics. Here, we show how this pattern has been used to fill in missing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-24 Sabrina Pasterski

A framework that structures the gravitational memory effects and which is consistent with gravitational electric-magnetic duality is presented. A correspondence is described between memory observables, particular subleading residual gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-17 Geoffrey Compère

We find models of two-dimensional gravity that resolve the factorization puzzle and have a discrete spectrum, whilst retaining a semiclassical description. A novelty of these models is that they contain non-trivially correlated spacetime…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-28 Andreas Blommaert , Luca V. Iliesiu , Jorrit Kruthoff

We apply recently developed path integral resummation methods to perturbative quantum gravity. In particular, we provide supporting evidence that eikonal graviton amplitudes factorize into hard and soft parts, and confirm a recent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Chris D. White

We show that the recently discovered logarithmic terms in the soft graviton theorem induce a late time component in the gravitational wave-form that falls off as inverse power of time, producing a tail term to the linear memory effect.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-17 Alok Laddha , Ashoke Sen