Related papers: Zur Irrationalit\"at in der Schule

Mathematics is a limited component of solutions to real-world problems, as it expresses only what is expected to be true if all our assumptions are correct, including implicit assumptions that are omnipresent and often incorrect.…

Let $b \ge 2$ be an integer and $\xi$ an irrational real number. We establishes that, if the irrationality exponent of $\xi$ is less than $2.324 \ldots$, then the $b$-ary expansion of $\xi$ cannot be `too simple', in a suitable sense. This…

Let $\xi$ be a real number and $b \ge 2$ an integer. We study the relationship between the irrationality exponent of $\xi$ and the subword complexity $p(n, \mathbf{x})$ of the $b$-ary expansion $\mathbf{x}$ of $\xi$, where $p(n,…

Heuristic arguments and order of magnitude estimates for partial differential equations highlight essential features of the physics they describe. We present order of magnitude estimates, and their limitations, for the three classic second…

We show how one can use Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and little $q$-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for $\zeta_q(2)$. These numbers are $q$-analogues of the well known $\zeta(2)$. Here $q=\frac{1}{p}$, with $p$ an…

An irrational number $\theta$ is called Diophantine if there exist $c>0$ and $\tau < \infty$ such that $\left| \theta - \frac{p}{q} \right| \ge \frac{c}{q^\tau}$ holds for every $(p,q) \in \mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{N}$. In this paper, we…

An algorithm is presented that, taking a sequence of independent Bernoulli random variables with parameter $1/2$ as inputs and using only rational arithmetic, simulates a Bernoulli random variable with possibly irrational parameter $\tau$.…

We propose a spectral viscosity method to approximate the two-dimensional Euler equations with rough initial data and prove that the method converges to a weak solution for a large class of initial data, including when the initial vorticity…

The attributes of Euler's constant Gamma have been a baffling problem to the world's mathematicians in the number theory field. In 1900, when German mathematician D. Hilbert addressed the 2nd International Congress of Mathematicians, he…

It is shown how Dedekind cuts can be used to introduce the extended real numbers along with sound arithmetic laws via one simple rule for the addition of sets. The crucial idea is that the use of the lower and the upper part of the cuts,…

Analogy has received attention as a form of inductive reasoning in the empirical sciences. However, its role in pure mathematics has received less consideration. This paper provides an account of how an analogy with a more familiar…

The recent technique for estimating lower bounds of the prime counting function $\pi(x)=#\{p \leq x: p\text{ prime}\}$ by means of the irrationality measures $\mu(\zeta(s)) \geq 2$ of special values of the zeta function claims that $\pi(x)…

We prove that for a dense set of irrational numbers $\alpha$, the analytic centraliser of the map $e^{2\pi i \alpha} z+ z^2$ near $0$ is trivial. We also prove that some analytic circle diffeomorphisms in the Arnold family, with irrational…

From Sturmian and Christoffel words we derive a strictly increasing function $\Delta:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$. This function is continuous at every irrational point, while at rational points, left-continuous but not right-continuous.…

We prove that there exist infinitely many quartic rational Diophantine quadruples, that is, sets of four pairwise distinct nonzero rational numbers whose pairwise products increased by 1 are fourth powers in Q. To the best of our knowledge,…

For each positive integer n greater than or equal to 2, a new approach to expressing real numbers as sequences of nonnegative integers is given. The n=2 case is equivalent to the standard continued fraction algorithm. For n=3, it reduces to…

In science, as in life, `surprises' can be adequately appreciated only in the presence of a null model, what we expect a priori. In physics, theories sometimes express the values of dimensionless physical constants as combinations of…

The Slater-type orbital basis with non-integer principal quantum numbers is a physically and mathematically motivated choice for molecular electronic structure calculations in both non-relativistic and relativistic theory. The…

What is the role of algebra in classical mathematics education? How does it relate to the four quadrivial arts? These questions have troubled the mathematical community since the introduction of algebra into the Renaissance academy by men…

Aspects of quantum physics are no longer confined to the upper years of a physics degree. Concepts like superposition or entanglement that were once reserved for second- or third-year undergraduate courses now deserve attention earlier in a…