Related papers: Zur Irrationalit\"at in der Schule
We compute the exact irrationality exponents of certain series of rational numbers, first studied in a special case by Hone, by transforming them into suitable continued fractions.
The Eulerian numbers count permutations according to the number of descents. The two-sided Eulerian numbers count permutations according to number of descents and the number of descents in the inverse permutation. Here we derive some…
The testimony and practice of notable mathematicians indicate that there is an important phenomenological and epistemological difference between superficial and deep analogies in mathematics. In this paper, we offer a descriptive theory of…
Classical countably additive real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value -- namely, zero -- to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that are possible.…
Moore introduced a method for graduate mathematics instruction that consisted primarily of individual student work on challenging proofs (Jones, 1977). Cohen (1982) described an adaptation with less explicit competition suitable for…
In this paper we study number fields which are Euclidean with respect to a function different from the absolute value of the norm. We also show that the Euclidean minimum with respect to weighted norms may be irrational and not isolated.
In $1735$ Euler \cite{1} proved that for each positive integer $k$, the series $\zeta(2k) = \sum_{\ell=1}^{\infty} \ell^{-2k}$ converges to a rational multiple of $\pi^{2k}$. Many demonstrations of this fact are now known, and Euler's…
In chapter VIII of Introductio in analysin infinitorum, Euler derives a series for sine, cosine, and the formula $e^{iv}=\cos v+i\sin v$ His arguments employ infinitesimal and infinitely large numbers and some strange equalities. We…
We introduce a geometric-arithmetic approach to the analysis of the Flint Hills series, linking its convergence behavior to the irrationality measure of pi. The framework highlights the interplay between the distribution of near-multiples…
Science and mathematics help people better to understand world, eliminating different fallacies and misconceptions. One of such misconception is related to arithmetic, which is so important both for science and everyday life. People think…
We show how the techniques of Voevodsky's proof of the Milnor conjecture and the Voevodsky- Rost proof of its generalization the Bloch-Kato conjecture can be used to study counterexamples to the classical L\"uroth problem. By generalizing a…
This note proves that the first odd zeta value does not have a closed form formula $\zeta(3)\ne r \pi^3$ for any rational number $r \in \mathbb{Q}$. Furthermore, assuming the irrationality of the second odd zeta value $\zeta(5)$, it is…
Ivan Niven's succinct proof that pi is irrational is easy to verify, but it begins with a magical formula that appears to come out of nowhere, and whose origin remains mysterious even after one goes through the proof. The goal of this…
We prove that there are at least $1.284 \cdot \sqrt{s/\log s}$ irrational numbers among $\zeta(3)$, $\zeta(5)$, $\zeta(7)$, $\ldots$, $\zeta(s-1)$ for any sufficiently large even integer $s$. This result improves upon the previous finding…
An elementary derivation of the Newton "inverse square law" from the three Kepler laws is proposed. Our proof, thought essentially for first-year undergraduates, basically rests on Euclidean geometry. It could then be offered even to…
We generalise remarks of Euler and of Perron by explaining how to detail all quadratic irrational integers for which the symmetric part of the period of their continued fraction expansion commences with prescribed partial quotients. The…
In this vision paper, we explore the challenges and opportunities of a form of computation that employs an empirical (rather than a formal) approach, where the solution of a computational problem is returned as empirically most likely…
Following our previous work, we suggest here a large class of algebras of scalars in which simultaneous and correlated computations can be performed owing to the existence of surjective algebra homomorphisms. This may replace the currently…
Let $k\geq 1$ be a small fixed integer. The rational approximations $\left |p/q-\pi^{k} \right |>1/q^{\mu(\pi^k)}$ of the irrational number $\pi^{k}$ are bounded away from zero. A general result for the irrationality exponent $\mu(\pi^k)$…
New series representations for odd powers of {\pi} i.e. {\pi}, {\pi}3 and {\pi}5 in terms of Euler numbers and even powers of {\pi} i.e. {\pi}2, {\pi}4 and {\pi}6 in terms of Bernoulli numbers have been obtained empirically.