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We present an introduction to model-based machine learning for communication systems. We begin by reviewing existing strategies for combining model-based algorithms and machine learning from a high level perspective, and compare them to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-14 Nir Shlezinger , Nariman Farsad , Yonina C. Eldar , Andrea J. Goldsmith

We introduce Transfusion, a recipe for training a multi-modal model over discrete and continuous data. Transfusion combines the language modeling loss function (next token prediction) with diffusion to train a single transformer over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Chunting Zhou , Lili Yu , Arun Babu , Kushal Tirumala , Michihiro Yasunaga , Leonid Shamis , Jacob Kahn , Xuezhe Ma , Luke Zettlemoyer , Omer Levy

Exact analytical channel models for molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) systems involving multiple fully absorbing receivers (FARs) in a three-dimensional (3- D) medium are hard to obtain due to the mathematical intractability of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Nithin V. Sabu , Neeraj Varshney , Abhishek K. Gupta

The field of chemical computation attempts to model computational behavior that arises when molecules, typically nucleic acids, are mixed together. Thermodynamic binding networks (TBNs) is a highly abstracted model that focuses on which…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Joshua Petrack , David Soloveichik , David Doty

Morphogenesis is central to biology but remains largely unexplored in chemistry. Reaction-diffusion (RD) mechanisms are, however, essential to understand how shape emerges in the living world. While numerical methods confirm the incredible…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2014-07-17 Anton S. Zadorin , Yannick Rondelez , Jean-Christophe Galas , André Estevez-Torres

This paper describes a design of a molecular propagation system in molecular communication. Molecular communication is a new communication paradigm where biological and artificially-created nanomachines communicate over a short distance…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-08-15 Satoshi Hiyama , Y. Isogawa , T. Suda , Y. Moritani , Kazuo Sutoh

Molecular Communication (MC) is a pivotal enabler for the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT). However, current research often relies on super-capable individual agents with complex transceiver architectures that defy the energy and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-01-27 Boran A. Kilic , Ozgur B. Akan

Diffusion models excel at creating visually impressive images but often struggle to generate images with a specified topology. The Betti number, which represents the number of structures in an image, is a fundamental measure in topology.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Saumya Gupta , Dimitris Samaras , Chao Chen

We propose a protocol (called RBO) for broadcasting long streams of single-packet messages over radio channel for tiny, battery powered, receivers. The messages are labeled by the keys from some linearly ordered set. The sender repeatedly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-08-26 Marcin Kik

Constructing appropriate representations of molecules lies at the core of numerous tasks such as material science, chemistry and drug designs. Recent researches abstract molecules as attributed graphs and employ graph neural networks (GNN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Jianwen Chen , Shuangjia Zheng , Ying Song , Jiahua Rao , Yuedong Yang

We propose the Binary Diffusion Probabilistic Model (BDPM), a generative framework specifically designed for data representations in binary form. Conventional denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) assume continuous inputs, use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Vitaliy Kinakh , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Optical communication systems are able to send the information from one user to another in light beams that travel through the free space or optical fibers, therefore how to send larger amounts of information in smaller periods of time is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 Wen-Tan Fang , Yin-Hai Li , Zhi-Yuan Zhou , Li-Xin Xu , Guang-Can Guo , Bao-Sen Shi

In this paper, we perform receiver design for a diffusive molecular communication environment. Our model includes flow in any direction, sources of information molecules in addition to the transmitter, and enzymes in the propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Adam Noel , Karen C. Cheung , Robert Schober

We propose an autoencoding sequence-based transceiver for communication over dispersive channels with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), designed as a bidirectional deep recurrent neural network (BRNN). The receiver uses a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Boris Karanov , Domaniç Lavery , Polina Bayvel , Laurent Schmalen

This paper presents a Markov-based system model for microfluidic molecular communication (MC) channels. By discretizing the advection-diffusion dynamics, the proposed model establishes a physically consistent state-space formulation. The…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ruifeng Zheng , Pengjie Zhou , Pit Hofmann , Fatima Rani , Juan A. Cabrera , Frank H. P. Fitzek

This paper studies the mitigation of intersymbol interference in a diffusive molecular communication system using enzymes that freely diffuse in the propagation environment. The enzymes form reaction intermediates with information molecules…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Adam Noel , Karen C. Cheung , Robert Schober

A cooperative drug delivery system is proposed, where quorum sensing (QS), a density-dependent bacterial behavior coordination mechanism, is employed by synthetic bacterium-based nanomachines (B-NMs) for controllable drug delivery. In our…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-15 Yuting Fang , Stuart T. Johnston , Matt Faria , Xinyu Huang , Andrew W. Eckford , Jamie Evans

This letter introduces an analytical model that gives the asymptotic cumulative number of molecules absorbed by spherical receivers in a diffusive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) molecular communication (MC) system with pointwise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Fardad Vakilipoor , Marco Ferrari , Maurizio Magarini

Molecular communication (MC) enables cooperation of spatially dispersed molecular robots through the feedback control mediated by diffusing signal molecules. However, conventional analysis frameworks for the MC channels mostly consider the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Taishi Kotsuka , Yutaka Hori

In this work, receiver diversity in advection-dominated diffusion-advection channels is investigated. Strong directed flow fundamentally alters the communication-theoretic properties of molecular communication systems (MC). Specifically,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Fatih Merdan , Ozgur B. Akan
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