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Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). Exploiting data sparsity is a common approach to further accelerate GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

The widespread proliferation of deep learning applications has triggered the need to accelerate them directly in hardware. General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) kernels are elemental deep-learning constructs and they inherently map onto…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-14 C. Peltekis , D. Filippas , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos

The currently dominant AI/ML workloads, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), rely on the efficient execution of General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) operations. Thus, most systems are equipped with dedicated matrix hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Luigi Altamura , Alessio Cicero , Mateo Vázquez Maceiras , Mohammad Ali Maleki , Pedro Trancoso

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) require highly efficient matrix multiplication engines for complex computations. This paper presents a systolic array architecture incorporating novel exact and approximate processing elements (PEs), designed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pragun Jaswal , L. Hemanth Krishna , B. Srinivasu

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Sparsity is an intrinsic property of convolutional neural network(CNN) and worth exploiting for CNN accelerators, but extra processing comes with hardware overhead, causing many architectures suffering from only minor profit. Meanwhile,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Wenhao Sun , Deng Liu , Zhiwei Zou , Wendi Sun , Yi Kang , Song Chen

General matrix multiplication (GeMM) is a core operation in virtually all AI applications. Systolic array (SA) based architectures have shown great promise as GeMM hardware accelerators thanks to their speed and energy efficiency.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Md Mizanur Rahaman Nayan , Ritik Raj , Gouse Basha Shaik , Tushar Krishna , Azad J Naeemi

The research interest in specialized hardware accelerators for deep neural networks (DNN) spikes recently owing to their superior performance and efficiency. However, today's DNN accelerators primarily focus on accelerating specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Cong Guo , Yangjie Zhou , Jingwen Leng , Yuhao Zhu , Zidong Du , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Bin Yao , Minyi Guo

Modern hardware architectures for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), other than targeting high performance, aim at dissipating limited energy. Reducing the data movement cost between the computing cores and the memory is a way to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Cristian Sestito , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis

In order to follow the ever-growing computational complexity and data intensity of state-of-the-art AI models, new computing paradigms are being proposed. These paradigms aim at achieving high energy efficiency by mitigating the Von Neumann…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Cristian Sestito , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis

The emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in mission- and safety-critical applications brings their reliability to the front. High performance demands of DNNs require the use of specialized hardware accelerators. Systolic array…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Natalia Cherezova , Artur Jutman , Maksim Jenihhin

Systolic Arrays are one of the most popular compute substrates within Deep Learning accelerators today, as they provide extremely high efficiency for running dense matrix multiplications. However, the research community lacks tools to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Ananda Samajdar , Yuhao Zhu , Paul Whatmough , Matthew Mattina , Tushar Krishna

This paper proposes a new hardware accelerator for sparse convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by building a hardware unit to perform the Image to Column (IM2COL) transformation of the input feature map coupled with a systolic array-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Mohammadreza Soltaniyeh , Richard P. Martin , Santosh Nagarakatte

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute in an event-based matter to achieve a more efficient computation than standard Neural Networks. In SNNs, neuronal outputs (i.e. activations) are not encoded with real-valued activations but with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

FPGA architectures have recently been enhanced to meet the substantial computational demands of modern deep neural networks (DNNs). To this end, both FPGA vendors and academic researchers have proposed in-fabric blocks that perform…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Endri Taka , Ning-Chi Huang , Chi-Chih Chang , Kai-Chiang Wu , Aman Arora , Diana Marculescu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, yet their deployment faces significant memory and computational challenges, especially in resource-constrained environments.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Cong Guo , Chiyue Wei , Jiaming Tang , Bowen Duan , Song Han , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Transformers have revolutionized deep learning with applications in natural language processing, computer vision, and beyond. However, their computational demands make it challenging to deploy them on low-power edge devices. This paper…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Rohit Prasad

With increasing diversity in Deep Neural Network(DNN) models in terms of layer shapes and sizes, the research community has been investigating flexible/reconfigurable accelerator substrates. This line of research has opened up two…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Ananda Samajdar , Michael Pellauer , Tushar Krishna

Systolic Array (SA) architectures are well suited for accelerating matrix multiplications through the use of a pipelined array of Processing Elements (PEs) communicating with local connections and pre-orchestrated data movements. Even…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-11 C. Peltekis , D. Filippas , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos

Modern deep learning models have high memory and computation cost. To make them fast and memory-cost efficient, structured model pruning is commonly used. We find that pruning a model using a common training accelerator with large systolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Sangkug Lym , Mattan Erez
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