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We show how to compute the probabilities of various connection topologies for uniformly random spanning trees on graphs embedded in surfaces. As an application, we show how to compute the "intensity" of the loop-erased random walk in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Richard W. Kenyon , David B. Wilson

We study the large-deviation properties of minimum spanning trees for two ensembles of random graphs with $N$ nodes. First, we consider complete graphs. Second, we study Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi (ER) random graphs with edge probability $p=c/N$…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-16 Mahdi Sarikhani , Alexander K. Hartmann

We study the multicolour discrepancy of spanning trees and Hamilton cycles in graphs. As our main result, we show that under very mild conditions, the $r$-colour spanning-tree discrepancy of a graph $G$ is equal, up to a constant, to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-30 Lior Gishboliner , Michael Krivelevich , Peleg Michaeli

We consider the number of common edges in two independent random spanning trees of a graph $G$. For complete graphs $K_n$, we give a new proof of the fact, originally obtained by Moon, that the distribution converges to a Poisson…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Miklos Bona , Fabian Burghart , Stephan Wagner

In 1995, Koml\'os, S\'ark\"ozy and Szemer\'edi showed that every large $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree at least $(1/2 + \gamma)n$ contains all spanning trees of bounded degree. We consider a generalization of this result to loose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Yanitsa Pehova , Kalina Petrova

We consider the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph process, which is a stochastic process that starts with $n$ vertices and no edges, and at each step adds one new edge chosen uniformly at random from the set of missing edges. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Alan Frieze , Paweł Prałat

In this paper the problem of finding various spanning structures in random hypergraphs is studied. We notice that a general result of Riordan [Spanning subgraphs of random graphs, Combinatorics, Probability & Computing 9 (2000), no. 2,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-13 Olaf Parczyk , Yury Person

This work describes probabilistic methods for utilizing random spanning trees generated via a random walk process. Goyal et al. showed that the union of random spanning trees approximates the expansion of every cut of a graph. First, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Shlomi Dolev , Daniel Khankin

We prove that every connected graph with $s$ vertices of degree~1 and 3 and $t$ vertices of degree at least~4 has a spanning tree with at least ${1\over 3}t +{1\over 4}s+{3\over 2}$ leaves. We present infinite series of graphs showing that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-29 Dmitri Karpov

In this paper, we set forth a new algorithm for generating approximately uniformly random spanning trees in undirected graphs. We show how to sample from a distribution that is within a multiplicative $(1+\delta)$ of uniform in expected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-08-12 Jonathan A. Kelner , Aleksander Madry

The Erd\H{o}s-S\'os Conjecture states that every graph with average degree exceeding $k-1$ contains every tree with $k$ edges as a subgraph. We prove that there are $\delta>0$ and $k_0\in\mathbb N$ such that the conjecture holds for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Bruce Reed , Maya Stein

Given a random 3-uniform hypergraph $H=H(n,p)$ on $n$ vertices where each triple independently appears with probability $p$, consider the following graph process. We start with the star $G_0$ on the same vertex set, containing all the edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-02 Dániel Korándi , Yuval Peled , Benny Sudakov

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$, and denote by $d_G(u,v)$ the distance from $u$ to $v$ in $G$, for any $u,v \in V(G)$. The average distance of an $n$-vertex connected graph $G$, denoted by $\mu(G)$, is defined to be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Zhibin Du , Xuli Qi

We show that a randomly perturbed digraph, where we start with a dense digraph $D_\alpha$ and add a small number of random edges to it, will typically contain a fixed orientation of a bounded degree spanning tree. This answers a question…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Patryk Morawski , Kalina Petrova

We prove, that every connected graph with $s$ vertices of degree 3 and $t$ vertices of degree at least~4 has a spanning tree with at least ${2\over 5}t +{1\over 5}s+\alpha$ leaves, where $\alpha \ge {8\over 5}$. Moreover, $\alpha \ge 2$ for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-29 D. V. Karpov

A general formulation is presented for continuum scaling limits of stochastic spanning trees. A spanning tree is expressed in this limit through a consistent collection of subtrees, which includes a tree for every finite set of endpoints in…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-19 Michael Aizenman , Almut Burchard , Charles M. Newman , David B. Wilson

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is said to be odd (or even, resp.) if $d_G(v)$ is odd (or even, resp.) for any $v\in V$. Trivially, the order of an odd graph must be even. In this paper, we show that every 4-edge connected graph of even order has a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Jingyu Zheng , Baoyindureng Wu

There are several good reasons you might want to read about uniform spanning trees, one being that spanning trees are useful combinatorial objects. Not only are they fundamental in algebraic graph theory and combinatorial geometry, but they…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robin Pemantle

Let $T\_n$ denote the set of unrooted labeled trees of size $n$ and let $T\_n$ be a particular (finite, unlabeled) tree. Assuming that every tree of $T\_n$ is equally likely, it is shown that the limiting distribution as $n$ goes to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Frédéric Chyzak , Michael Drmota , Thomas Klausner , Gerard Kok

The weight of the minimum spanning tree in a complete weighted graph with random edge weights is a well-known problem. For various classes of distributions, it is proved that the weight of the minimum spanning tree tends to a constant,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Nikita Zvonkov