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We present Sim-on-Wheels, a safe, realistic, and vehicle-in-loop framework to test autonomous vehicles' performance in the real world under safety-critical scenarios. Sim-on-wheels runs on a self-driving vehicle operating in the physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yuan Shen , Bhargav Chandaka , Zhi-hao Lin , Albert Zhai , Hang Cui , David Forsyth , Shenlong Wang

We provide a sober look at the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving, challenging common assumptions about their ability to interpret dynamic driving scenarios. Despite advances in models like GPT-4o,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Alaa Maalouf , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

We present two behavioral models of an autonomous vehicle and its interaction with the environment. Both models use the formal modeling language LNT provided by the CADP toolbox. This paper discusses the modeling choices and the challenges…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Lina Marsso , Radu Mateescu , Lucie Muller , Wendelin Serwe

Simulation is an essential tool to develop and benchmark autonomous vehicle planning software in a safe and cost-effective manner. However, realistic simulation requires accurate modeling of nuanced and complex multi-agent interactive…

Recent advances in high-fidelity simulators have enabled closed-loop training of autonomous driving agents, potentially solving the distribution shift in training v.s. deployment and allowing training to be scaled both safely and cheaply.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Chris Zhang , Runsheng Guo , Wenyuan Zeng , Yuwen Xiong , Binbin Dai , Rui Hu , Mengye Ren , Raquel Urtasun

Computing platforms in autonomous vehicles record large amounts of data from many sensors, process the data through machine learning models, and make decisions to ensure the vehicle's safe operation. Fast, accurate, and reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ken Power , Shailendra Deva , Ting Wang , Julius Li , Ciarán Eising

Testing autonomous driving systems (ADS) is critical to ensuring their reliability and safety. Existing ADS testing works focuses on designing scenarios to evaluate system-level behaviors, while fine-grained testing of ADS source code has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Wenhan Wang , Xuan Xie , Yuheng Huang , Renzhi Wang , An Ran Chen , Lei Ma

The simulation of a physical system in a virtual replica, known as a digital twin, is a useful way to interrogate the system non-invasively, providing the ability to perform predictive maintenance and surveillance, and to investigate…

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

In the near future, autonomous space systems will compose many of the deployed spacecraft. Their tasks will involve autonomous rendezvous and proximity operations with large structures, such as inspections, assembly, and maintenance of…

The investigation of factors contributing at making humans trust Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will play a fundamental role in the adoption of such technology. The user's ability to form a mental model of the AV, which is crucial to establish…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Lia Morra , Fabrizio Lamberti , F. Gabriele Pratticó , Salvatore La Rosa , Paolo Montuschi

Success in racing requires a unique combination of vehicle setup, understanding of the racetrack, and human expertise. Since building and testing many different vehicle configurations in the real world is prohibitively expensive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 John Subosits , Jenna Lee , Shawn Manuel , Paul Tylkin , Avinash Balachandran

Search-based software testing (SBT) is an effective and efficient approach for testing automated driving systems (ADS). However, testing pipelines for ADS testing are particularly challenging as they involve integrating complex driving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Lev Sorokin , Tiziano Munaro , Damir Safin , Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Adam Molin

Augmenting automated vehicles to wirelessly detect and respond to external events before they are detectable by onboard sensors is crucial for developing context-aware driving strategies. To this end, we present an automated vehicle…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on complex perception and communication systems, making them vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can compromise safety. While simulation offers a scalable and safe environment for robustness testing,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Christos Anagnostopoulos , Ioulia Kapsali , Alexandros Gkillas , Nikos Piperigkos , Aris S. Lalos

Off-road autonomy validation presents unique challenges due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of off-road environments. Traditional methods focusing on sequentially sweeping across the parameter space for variability analysis struggle…

With the rapid growth of urban transportation and the continuous progress in autonomous driving, a demand for robust benchmarking autonomous driving algorithms has emerged, calling for accurate modeling of large-scale urban traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yuheng Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Fudan Yu , Lei Qiao , Wei Wu , Jingtao Ding , Jian Yuan , Yong Li

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Reliable autonomous driving relies on large-scale, well-labeled data and robust models. However, manual data collection is resource-intensive, and traditional simulation suffers from a persistent reality gap. While recent generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kaicong Huang , Talha Azfar , Weisong Shi , Ruimin Ke

This paper introduces LLMServingSim2.0, a system simulator designed for exploring heterogeneous hardware in large-scale LLM serving systems. LLMServingSim2.0 addresses two key limitations of its predecessor: (1) integrating hardware models…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Jongse Park