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Realistic simulators are critical for training and verifying robotics systems. While most of the contemporary simulators are hand-crafted, a scaleable way to build simulators is to use machine learning to learn how the environment behaves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Seung Wook Kim , Jonah Philion , Antonio Torralba , Sanja Fidler

Sim-to real gap in Reinforcement Learning is when a model trained in a simulator does not translate to the real world. This is a problem for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as vehicle dynamics can vary from simulation to reality, and also from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jonathan Wellington Morris , Vishrut Shah , Alex Besanceney , Daksh Shah , Leilani H. Gilpin

Prototyping and validating hardware-software components, sub-systems and systems within the intelligent transportation system-of-systems framework requires a modular yet flexible and open-access ecosystem. This work presents our attempt…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tanmay Vilas Samak , Chinmay Vilas Samak , Sivanathan Kandhasamy , Venkat Krovi , Ming Xie

Recent advancements in foundation models (FMs) have unlocked new prospects in autonomous driving, yet the experimental settings of these studies are preliminary, over-simplified, and fail to capture the complexity of real-world driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yidong Huang , Jacob Sansom , Ziqiao Ma , Felix Gervits , Joyce Chai

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving, providing precise information such as road boundaries, lane dividers, and crosswalks to enable safe and accurate navigation. However, traditional HD map generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihan Zhang , Abhijit Ravichandran , Pragnya Korti , Luobin Wang , Henrik I. Christensen

How can we reliably simulate future driving scenarios under a wide range of ego driving behaviors? Recent driving world models, developed exclusively on real-world driving data composed mainly of safe expert trajectories, struggle to follow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiazhi Yang , Kashyap Chitta , Shenyuan Gao , Long Chen , Yuqian Shao , Xiaosong Jia , Hongyang Li , Andreas Geiger , Xiangyu Yue , Li Chen

The transport industry has recently shown significant interest in unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), specifically for port and inland waterway transport. These systems can improve operational efficiency and safety, which is especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Bavo Lesy , Siemen Herremans , Robin Kerstens , Jan Steckel , Walter Daems , Siegfried Mercelis , Ali Anwar

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We tackle the problem of producing realistic simulations of LiDAR point clouds, the sensor of preference for most self-driving vehicles. We argue that, by leveraging real data, we can simulate the complex world more realistically compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sivabalan Manivasagam , Shenlong Wang , Kelvin Wong , Wenyuan Zeng , Mikita Sazanovich , Shuhan Tan , Bin Yang , Wei-Chiu Ma , Raquel Urtasun

Autonomous robots in endovascular operations have the potential to navigate circulatory systems safely and reliably while decreasing the susceptibility to human errors. However, there are numerous challenges involved with the process of…

With the continuous development of science and technology, self-driving vehicles will surely change the nature of transportation and realize the automotive industry's transformation in the future. Compared with self-driving cars,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Yusheng Xiang , Shuo Wang , Tianqing Su , Jun Li , Samuel S. Mao , Marcus Geimer

This article presents AutoRally, a 1$:$5 scale robotics testbed for autonomous vehicle research. AutoRally is designed for robustness, ease of use, and reproducibility, so that a team of two people with limited knowledge of mechanical…

Developing algorithms for extra-terrestrial robotic exploration has always been challenging. Along with the complexity associated with these environments, one of the main issues remains the evaluation of said algorithms. With the regained…

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Foundation Models (VFMs), multimodal AI systems benefiting from large models have the potential to equally perceive the real world, make decisions, and control tools as humans.…

This paper presents the CAT Vehicle (Cognitive and Autonomous Test Vehicle) Testbed: a research testbed comprised of a distributed simulation-based autonomous vehicle, with straightforward transition to hardware in the loop testing and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Rahul Kumar Bhadani , Jonathan Sprinkle , Matthew Bunting

Search-based testing is critical for evaluating the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). However, existing approaches are often built on heterogeneous frameworks (e.g., distinct scenario spaces, simulators, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mingfei Cheng , Lionel Briand , Yuan Zhou

Ensuring the safety of self-driving cars remains a major challenge due to the complexity and unpredictability of real-world driving environments. Traditional testing methods face significant limitations, such as the oracle problem, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

The use of Autonomous Surface Vehicles, equipped with water quality sensors and artificial vision systems, allows for a smart and adaptive deployment in water resources environmental monitoring. This paper presents a real implementation of…

Cooperative vehicle platooning applications increasingly demand realistic simulation tools to ease their validation and to bridge the gap between development and real-world deployment. However, their complexity and cost often hinder its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Bruno Vieira , Ricardo Severino , Anis Koubaa , Eduardo Tovar

Simulation-based testing is a cornerstone of Autonomous Driving System (ADS) development, offering safe and scalable evaluation across diverse driving scenarios. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world behavior, known as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Mirena Flores Valdez , Andrea Stocco