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We study the problem of analyzing tweets with Universal Dependencies. We extend the UD guidelines to cover special constructions in tweets that affect tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and labeled dependencies. Using the extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Yijia Liu , Yi Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Nathan Schneider , Noah A. Smith

The Universal Dependencies (UD) project has created an invaluable collection of treebanks with contributions in over 140 languages. However, the UD annotations do not tell the full story. Grammatical constructions that convey meaning…

This work provides the first in-depth analysis of genre in Universal Dependencies (UD). In contrast to prior work on genre identification which uses small sets of well-defined labels in mono-/bilingual setups, UD contains 18 genres with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

We introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first publicly available syntactic treebank for English as a Second Language (ESL). The TLE provides manually annotated POS tags and Universal Dependency (UD) trees for 5,124 sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Yevgeni Berzak , Jessica Kenney , Carolyn Spadine , Jing Xian Wang , Lucia Lam , Keiko Sophie Mori , Sebastian Garza , Boris Katz

We present UDify, a multilingual multi-task model capable of accurately predicting universal part-of-speech, morphological features, lemmas, and dependency trees simultaneously for all 124 Universal Dependencies treebanks across 75…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Dan Kondratyuk , Milan Straka

The Universal Dependencies (UD) project aims to create a cross-linguistically consistent dependency annotation for multiple languages, to facilitate multilingual NLP. It currently supports 114 languages. Dravidian languages are spoken by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Taraka Rama , Sowmya Vajjala

The Universal Dependencies (UD) project has significantly expanded linguistic coverage across 161 languages, yet Luxembourgish, a West Germanic language spoken by approximately 400,000 people, has remained absent until now. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Alistair Plum , Caroline Döhmer , Emilia Milano , Anne-Marie Lutgen , Christoph Purschke

The paper proposes annotation guidelines for syntactic dependencies that span across speaker turns - including collaborative coconstructions proper, wh-question answers, and backchannels - in spoken language treebanks within the Universal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ludovica Pannitto , Sylvain Kahane , Kaja Dobrovoljc , Elena Battaglia , Bruno Guillaume , Caterina Mauri , Eleonora Zucchini

We release Galactic Dependencies 1.0---a large set of synthetic languages not found on Earth, but annotated in Universal Dependencies format. This new resource aims to provide training and development data for NLP methods that aim to adapt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Dingquan Wang , Jason Eisner

Universal Dependencies (UD) offer a uniform cross-lingual syntactic representation, with the aim of advancing multilingual applications. Recent work shows that semantic parsing can be accomplished by transforming syntactic dependencies to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Siva Reddy , Oscar Täckström , Slav Petrov , Mark Steedman , Mirella Lapata

This paper presents UD-NewsCrawl, the largest Tagalog treebank to date, containing 15.6k trees manually annotated according to the Universal Dependencies framework. We detail our treebank development process, including data collection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Angelina A. Aquino , Lester James V. Miranda , Elsie Marie T. Or

Syntactic parsing is a highly linguistic processing task whose parser requires training on treebanks from the expensive human annotation. As it is unlikely to obtain a treebank for every human language, in this work, we propose an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Kailai Sun , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

The present study extends recent work on Universal Dependencies annotations for second-language (L2) Korean by introducing a semi-automated framework that identifies morphosyntactic constructions from XPOS sequences and aligns those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Hakyung Sung , Gyu-Ho Shin , Chanyoung Lee , You Kyung Sung , Boo Kyung Jung

Despite the success of the Universal Dependencies (UD) project exemplified by its impressive language breadth, there is still a lack in `within-language breadth': most treebanks focus on standard languages. Even for German, the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Verena Blaschke , Barbara Kovačić , Siyao Peng , Hinrich Schütze , Barbara Plank

In this paper, we discuss the development of treebanks for two low-resourced Indian languages - Magahi and Braj based on the Universal Dependencies framework. The Magahi treebank contains 945 sentences and Braj treebank around 500 sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Mohit Raj , Shyam Ratan , Deepak Alok , Ritesh Kumar , Atul Kr. Ojha

Recent efforts to consolidate guidelines and treebanks in the Universal Dependencies project raise the expectation that joint training and dataset comparison is increasingly possible for high-resource languages such as English, which have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Amir Zeldes , Nathan Schneider

This paper presents and discusses the first Universal Dependencies treebank for the Apurin\~a language. The treebank contains 76 fully annotated sentences, applies 14 parts-of-speech, as well as seven augmented or new features - some of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jack Rueter , Marília Fernanda Pereira de Freitas , Sidney da Silva Facundes , Mika Hämäläinen , Niko Partanen

CHILDES is a widely used resource of transcribed child and child-directed speech. This paper introduces UD-English-CHILDES, the first officially released Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank. It is derived from previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xiulin Yang , Zhuoxuan Ju , Lanni Bu , Zoey Liu , Nathan Schneider

We describe a cross-lingual adaptation method based on syntactic parse trees obtained from the Universal Dependencies (UD), which are consistent across languages, to develop classifiers in low-resource languages. The idea of UD parsing is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Nasrin Taghizadeh , Heshaam Faili

This paper presents the first publicly available treebank of Odia, a morphologically rich low resource Indian language. The treebank contains approx. 1082 tokens (100 sentences) in Odia selected from "Samantar", the largest available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Shantipriya Parida , Kalyanamalini Sahoo , Atul Kr. Ojha , Saraswati Sahoo , Satya Ranjan Dash , Bijayalaxmi Dash
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