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In this paper we resolve the complexity of the isomorphism problem on all but finitely many of the graph classes characterized by two forbidden induced subgraphs. To this end we develop new techniques applicable for the structural and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-11-10 Pascal Schweitzer

Counting small patterns in a large dataset is a fundamental algorithmic task. The most common version of this task is subgraph/homomorphism counting, wherein we count the number of occurrences of a small pattern graph $H$ in an input graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniel Paul-Pena , C. Seshadhri

We show that the problem to decide whether two (convex) polytopes, given by their vertex-facet incidences, are combinatorially isomorphic is graph isomorphism complete, even for simple or simplicial polytopes. On the other hand, we give a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Volker Kaibel , Alexander Schwartz

An $H$-graph is one representable as the intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a suitable subdivision of a fixed graph $H$, introduced by Bir\'{o}, Hujter and Tuza (1992). An $H$-graph is proper if the representing subgraphs of $H$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Deniz Ağaoğlu Çağırıcı , Petr Hliněný

A hole in a graph G is an induced cycle of length at least four; an antihole is a hole in the complement of G. In 2005, Chudnovsky, Cornuejols, Liu, Seymour and Vuskovic showed that it is possible to test in polynomial time whether a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Maria Chudnovsky , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour , Sophie Spirkl

We investigate the List $H$-Coloring problem, the generalization of graph coloring that asks whether an input graph $G$ admits a homomorphism to the undirected graph $H$ (possibly with loops), such that each vertex $v \in V(G)$ is mapped to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Hubie Chen , Bart M. P. Jansen , Karolina Okrasa , Astrid Pieterse , Paweł Rzążewski

Graph homomorphism has been an important research topic since its introduction [17]. Stated in the language of binary relational structures in that paper [17], Lov\'asz proved a fundamental theorem that, for a graph $H$ given by its $0$-$1$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Jin-Yi Cai , Artem Govorov

We give a $O^*(k^{O(k)})$ time isomorphism testing algorithm for graphs of eigenvalue multiplicity bounded by $k$ which improves on the previous best running time bound of $O^*(2^{O(k^2/\log k)})$.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-18 Vikraman Arvind , Gaurav Rattan

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Many graph isomorphism relaxations such as (quantum) isomorphism…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marek Černý , Tim Seppelt

In the $(G,H)$-isomorphism game, a verifier interacts with two non-communicating players (called provers) by privately sending each of them a random vertex from either $G$ or $H$, whose aim is to convince the verifier that two graphs $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson , Antonios Varvitsiotis

A method for improving the efficiency of graph isomorphism testing is presented. The method uses the structure of the graph colored by vertex hash codes as a means of partitioning vertices into equivalence classes, which in turn reduces the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-02 Thomas E. Portegys

A graph is said to be circular-arc if the vertices can be associated with arcs of a circle so that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding arcs overlap. It is proved that the isomorphism of circular-arc graphs can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Roman Nedela , Ilia Ponomarenko , Peter Zeman

A graph $G$ contains a graph $H$ as a pivot-minor if $H$ can be obtained from $G$ by applying a sequence of vertex deletions and edge pivots. Pivot-minors play an important role in the study of rank-width. Pivot-minors have mainly been…

In the counting Graph Homomorphism problem (#GraphHom) the question is: Given graphs G,H, find the number of homomorphisms from G to H. This problem is generally #P-complete, moreover, Cygan et al. proved that unless the ETH is false there…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Amineh Dadsetan , Andrei A. Bulatov

A graph H is a vertex-minor of a graph G if it can be reached from G by the successive application of local complementations and vertex deletions. Vertex-minors have been the subject of intense study in graph theory over the last decades…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-14 Axel Dahlberg , Jonas Helsen , Stephanie Wehner

We study the problem of finding a copy of a specific induced subgraph on inhomogeneous random graphs with infinite variance power-law degrees. We provide a fast algorithm that finds a copy of any connected graph $H$ on a fixed number of $k$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Ellen Cardinaels , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Clara Stegehuis

A subgraph $H$ of a graph $G$ is isometric if the distances between vertices in $H$ coincide with the distances between the corresponding vertices in $G$. We show that for any integer $n\ge 1$, there is a graph on $3^{n+O(\log^2 n)}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Louis Esperet , Cyril Gavoille , Carla Groenland

The group isomorphism problem in computational complexity asks whether two finite groups given by their Cayley tables are isomorphic or not. Although polynomial-time isomorphism tests exist for many specific types of groups, no general…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Saveliy V. Skresanov

A graph $G$ contains a graph $H$ as an induced minor if $H$ can be obtained from $G$ by vertex deletions and edge contractions. The class of $H$-induced-minor-free graphs generalizes the class of $H$-minor-free graphs, but unlike…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Tuukka Korhonen , Daniel Lokshtanov

In recent years, we have seen several approaches to the graph isomorphism problem based on "generic" mathematical programming or algebraic (Gr\"obner basis) techniques. For most of these, lower bounds have been established. In fact, it has…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Christoph Berkholz , Martin Grohe