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It is unknown whether two graphs can be tested for isomorphism in polynomial time. A classical approach to the Graph Isomorphism Problem is the d-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm. The d-dimensional WL-algorithm can distinguish many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-10 Harm Derksen

It's important to design polynomial time algorithms to test if two graphs are isomorphic at least for some special classes of graphs. An approach to this was presented by Eugene M. Luks(1981) in the work \textit{Isomorphism of Graphs of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Adria Alcala Mena

In this paper we provide sub-linear algorithms for several fundamental problems in the setting in which the input graph excludes a fixed minor, i.e., is a minor-free graph. In particular, we provide the following algorithms for minor-free…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Reut Levi , Nadav Shoshan

In the past decades for more and more graph classes the Graph Isomorphism Problem was shown to be solvable in polynomial time. An interesting family of graph classes arises from intersection graphs of geometric objects. In this work we show…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-23 Daniel Neuen

Lov\'asz (1967) showed that two graphs $G$ and $H$ are isomorphic if, and only if, they are homomorphism indistinguishable over all graphs, i.e., $G$ and $H$ admit the same number of number of homomorphisms from every graph $F$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Daniel Neuen , Tim Seppelt

An $H$-graph is an intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a suitable subdivision of a fixed graph $H$. Many important classes of graphs, including interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, and chordal graphs, can be expressed as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Deniz Ağaoğlu Çağırıcı , Peter Zeman

Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

Let $G$ be an undirected, bounded degree graph with $n$ vertices. Fix a finite graph $H$, and suppose one must remove $\varepsilon n$ edges from $G$ to make it $H$-minor free (for some small constant $\varepsilon > 0$). We give an…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Akash Kumar , C. Seshadhri , Andrew Stolman

We show that the Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem and the related problems of String Isomorphism (under group action) (SI) and Coset Intersection (CI) can be solved in quasipolynomial ($\exp((\log n)^{O(1)})$) time. The best previous bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-20 László Babai

The graph isomorphism problem is a main problem which has numerous applications in different fields. Thus, finding an efficient and easy to implement method to discriminate non-isomorphic graphs is valuable. In this paper, a new method is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Ameneh Farhadian

We prove that unless Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails, deciding if there is a homomorphism from graph $G$ to graph $H$ cannot be done in time $|V(H)|^{o(|V(G)|)}$. Combined with the reduction of Cygan, Pachocki, and Soca{\l}a, our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

Many complex questions in biology, physics, and mathematics can be mapped to the graph isomorphism problem and the closely related graph automorphism problem. In particular, these problems appear in the context of network visualization,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-14 Charo I. Del Genio , Thilo Gross

We study Subgraph Isomorphism on graph classes defined by a fixed forbidden graph. Although there are several ways for forbidding a graph, we observe that it is reasonable to focus on the minor relation since other well-known relations lead…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Hans L. Bodlaender , Tesshu Hanaka , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yusuke Kobayashi , Yoshio Okamoto , Yota Otachi , Tom C. van der Zanden

It is known that a graph isomorphism testing algorithm is polynomially equivalent to a detecting of a graph non-trivial automorphism algorithm. The polynomiality of the latter algorithm, is obtained by consideration of symmetry properties…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

Let us be given two graphs $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$ of $n$ vertices. Are they isomorphic? If they are, the set of isomorphisms from $\Gamma_1$ to $\Gamma_2$ can be identified with a coset $H\cdot\pi$ inside the symmetric group on $n$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-13 Harald Andrés Helfgott , Jitendra Bajpai , Daniele Dona

Given a graph $G$, the graph $[G]$ obtained by adding, for each pair of vertices of $G$, a unique vertex adjacent to both vertices is called the binding graph of $G$. In this work, we show that the class of binding graphs is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Rui Xue

We use the concept of a Kirchhoff resistor network (alternatively random walk on a network) to probe connected graphs and produce symmetry revealing canonical labelings of the graph(s) nodes and edges.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Matthew Delacorte

We introduce the class of interval $H$-graphs, which is the generalization of interval graphs, particularly interval bigraphs. For a fixed graph $H$ with vertices $a_1,a_2,\dots,a_k$, we say that an input graph $G$ with given partition…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Haiko Müller , Arash Rafiey

The graph homomorphism problem (HOM) asks whether the vertices of a given $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be mapped to the vertices of a given $h$-vertex graph $H$ such that each edge of $G$ is mapped to an edge of $H$. The problem generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

Graph isomorphism, a classical algorithmic problem, determines whether two input graphs are structurally identical or not. Interestingly, it is one of the few problems that is not yet known to belong to either the P or NP-complete…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Sourav Dutta , Arnab Bhattacharya