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We establish the existence of a far-from-equilibrium attractor in weakly-coupled gauge theory undergoing 0+1d Bjorken expansion which goes beyond the energy-momentum tensor to the detailed form of the one-particle distribution function. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-02 Dekrayat Almaalol , Kirill Boguslavski , Aleksi Kurkela , Michael Strickland

We study the far-off-equilibrium dynamics of a Bjorken expanding non-conformal system within kinetic theory and hydrodynamics. We show that, in contrast to the conformal case, neither shear nor bulk viscous pressure relax quickly to a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-08-02 Sunil Jaiswal , Subrata Pal , Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Lipei Du , Ulrich Heinz

The quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is not in local thermal equilibrium at early times. Despite this, dissipative hydrodynamics describes the evolution of the energy-momentum tensor quite well after only roughly 0.5 - 1…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-24 Michael Strickland

The momentum distribution of particle production in heavy-ion collisions encodes information about thermalization processes in the early-stage quark-gluon plasma. We use kinetic theory to study the far-from-equilibrium evolution of an…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-12-05 Jasmine Brewer , Weiyao Ke , Li Yan , Yi Yin

In recent years, there have been important advances in understanding the far-from-equilibrium dynamics in different physical systems. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the combination of different methods led to the development of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-11-20 Kirill Boguslavski

A possible resolution of the early thermalisation puzzle is provided by the notion of far-from-equilibrium attractors which arise due to the specific kinematics of heavy-ion collisions. Attractors appear in a wide variety of dynamical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-29 Michał Spaliński

We explore the far-off-equilibrium aspects of the (1+1)-dimensional early-stage evolution of a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma using kinetic theory and hydrodynamics. For a large set of far-off-equilibrium initial conditions the system…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-11 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz , Thomas Schaefer

We investigate the early time dynamics of heavy ion collisions studying the time evolution of the energy-momentum tensor as well as energy-momentum correlations within a uniformly thermalizing holographic QGP. From these quantities, we…

I demonstrate that the concept of a non-equilibrium attractor can be extended beyond the lowest-order moments typically considered in hydrodynamic treatments. Using a previously obtained exact solution to the relaxation-time approximation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-12 Michael Strickland

We study the thermalization process in highly occupied non-Abelian plasmas at weak coupling. The non-equilibrium dynamics of such systems is classical in nature and can be simulated with real-time lattice gauge theory techniques. We provide…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-06-11 Juergen Berges , Kirill Boguslavski , Soeren Schlichting , Raju Venugopalan

We provide a generalized formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics for the far-from-equilibrium noisy medium. As an example, we consider a noisy plasma experiencing Bjorken expansion, for which the leading order evolution is captured by…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-06-28 Zenan Chen , Derek Teaney , Li Yan

Using anisotropic hydrodynamics, we examine the existence of early-time attractors of non-conformal systems undergoing Bjorken expansion. In the case of a constant mass, we find that the evolution of the scaled longitudinal pressure is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-01 Mubarak Alqahtani

We solve a Boltzmann equation for massless quark and gluon fluids in a transversally homogeneous, longitudinally boost-invariant expansion. Quarks can be out of chemical equilibrium and the relaxation times of the two species are assumed to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-20 Ferdinando Frascà , Andrea Beraudo , Michael Strickland

We investigate whether early and late time attractors for non-conformal kinetic theories exist by computing the time-evolution of a large set of moments of the one-particle distribution function. For this purpose we make use of a previously…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-14 Huda Alalawi , Michael Strickland

The existence of hydrodynamic attractors in rapidly expanding relativistic systems has shed light on the success of relativistic hydrodynamics in describing heavy-ion collisions at zero chemical potential. As the search for the QCD critical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Travis Dore , Emma McLaughlin , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler

We study the non-equilibrium dynamics, thermalisation and attractor behaviour of charm quarks in a longitudinally expanding Quark-Gluon Plasma within the Relativistic Boltzmann Transport approach in 1+1D Bjorken expansion. Considering both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-06 Shile Chen , Vincenzo Nugara , Maria Lucia Sambataro , Salvatore Plumari , Vincenzo Greco

Using the gauge/gravity duality, we investigate the evolution of an out-of-equilibrium strongly-coupled plasma from the viewpoint of the two-point function of scalar gauge-invariant operators with large conformal dimension. This system is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 L. Shahkarami , H. Ebrahim , M. Ali-Akbari , F. Charmchi

We consider the hydrodynamic evolution of a quark-gluon gas with non-zero quark masses and net baryon number in its phase diagram. For far-off-equilibrium initial conditions the expansion trajectories appear to violate simple rules based on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-03 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz , Thomas Schaefer

We clarify the connection between attractor solutions known from studies of Bjorken flow in conformal models of relativistic fluid dynamics and the more general description of attractors as submanifolds in phase space. We show how to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-08-29 Michał Spaliński

Nonthermal fixed points are paradigmatic far-from-equilibrium phenomena of relevance to high-energy physics, cosmology, and cold atomic gases. We propose that, despite their intrinsically nonequilibrium nature, nonthermal fixed points give…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-29 Jürgen Berges , Gabriel S. Denicol , Michal P. Heller , Thimo Preis
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