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We introduce a new abstract graph game, Swap Planarity, where the goal is to reach a state without edge intersections and a move consists of swapping the locations of two vertices connected by an edge. We analyze this puzzle game using…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Rutger Kraaijer , Marc van Kreveld , Wouter Meulemans , André van Renssen

The semi-random graph process is a single player game in which the player is initially presented an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-05 Pu Gao , Bogumil Kaminski , Calum MacRury , Pawel Pralat

We prove that any algorithm for detecting cycles in an $m \times n$ grid graph, where cells are colored and adjacency is defined by matching colors, must read all $mn$ cells in the worst case for all grids with $m \geq 2$ and $n \geq 2$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Andrew Au

The online semi-random graph process is a one-player game which starts with the empty graph on $n$ vertices. At every round, a player (called Builder) is presented with a vertex $v$ chosen uniformly at random and independently from previous…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Sofiya Burova , Lyuben Lichev

Graph Pebbling is a well-studied single-player game on graphs. We introduce the game of Blocking Pebbles which adapts Graph Pebbling into a two-player strategy game in order to examine it within the context of Combinatorial Game Theory.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Michael Fisher , Craig Tennenhouse

Two players play a game by alternately splitting a surface of a compact $2$-manifold along a simple closed curve that is not null-homotopic and attaching disks to the resulting boundary; the last player who can move wins. Starting from an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 David R. Berman , Lee O. Leonard

We initiate the study of simple games from the point of view of combinatorial topology. The starting premise is that the losing coalitions of a simple game can be identified with a simplicial complex. Various topological constructions and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-18 Ismar Volic , Leah Valentiner

This is an expository paper. A $1$-cycle in a graph is a set $C$ of edges such that every vertex is contained in an even number of edges from $C$. E.g., a cycle in the sense of graph theory is a $1$-cycle, but not vice versa. It is easy to…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-07-24 E. Alkin , S. Dzhenzher , O. Nikitenko , A. Skopenkov , A. Voropaev

We introduce a natural variant of the parallel chip-firing game, called the diffusion game. Chips are initially assigned to vertices of a graph. At every step, all vertices simultaneously send one chip to each neighbour with fewer chips. As…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 C. Duffy , T. F. Lidbetter , M. E. Messinger , R. J. Nowakowski

A team of $r$ {\it revolutionaries} and a team of $s$ {\it spies} play a game on a graph $G$. Initially, revolutionaries and then spies take positions at vertices. In each subsequent round, each revolutionary may move to an adjacent vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Daniel W. Cranston , Clifford D. Smyth , Douglas B. West

We define a two-player combinatorial game in which players take alternate turns; each turn consists on deleting a vertex of a graph, together with all the edges containing such vertex. If any vertex became isolated by a player's move then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Richard Adams , Janae Dixon , Jennifer Elder , Jamie Peabody , Oscar Vega , Karen Willis

Coalition formation over graphs is a well studied class of games whose players are vertices and feasible coalitions must be connected subgraphs. In this setting, the existence and computation of equilibria, under various notions of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Angelo Fanelli , Laurent Gourvès , Ayumi Igarashi , Luca Moscardelli

In a strong game played on the edge set of a graph G there are two players, Red and Blue, alternating turns in claiming previously unclaimed edges of G (with Red playing first). The winner is the first one to claim all the edges of some…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-19 Asaf Ferber , Pascal Pfister

We consider some biased Maker-Breaker games. Starting with the complete $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, at each turn Maker claims one edge, and then Breaker claims $b$ edges. Maker's goal is to obtain a set of edges having some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Patrick Bennett , Alan Frieze , Wesley Pegden

We investigate a two player game called the $K^4$-building game: two players alternately claim edges of an infinite complete graph. Each player's aim is to claim all six edges on some vertex set of size four for themself. The first player…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Nathan Bowler , Florian Gut

We introduce and study pawn games, a class of two-player zero-sum turn-based graph games. A turn-based graph game proceeds by placing a token on an initial vertex, and whoever controls the vertex on which the token is located, chooses its…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Guy Avni , Pranav Ghorpade , Shibashis Guha

Given a family of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, we consider the $\mathcal{F}$-saturation game. In this game two players alternate adding edges to an initially empty graph on $n$ vertices, with the only constraint being that neither player can add…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Sam Spiro

The semi-random graph process is a single player game in which the player is initially presented an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-14 David Gamarnik , Mihyun Kang , Pawel Pralat

The geodetic closure of a set S of vertices of a graph is the set of all vertices in shortest paths between pairs of vertices of S. A set S of vertices in a graph is geodetic if its geodetic closure contains all the vertices of the graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Antoine Dailly , Harmender Gahlawat , Zin Mar Myint

The semi-random hypergraph process is a natural generalisation of the semi-random graph process, which can be thought of as a one player game. For fixed $r < s$, starting with an empty hypergraph on $n$ vertices, in each round a set of $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Natalie Behague , Pawel Pralat , Andrzej Rucinski