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This paper presents the novel Droop-e grid-forming inverter control strategy, which establishes an active power-frequency relationship based on an exponential function of the inverter power dispatch. The advantages of this control strategy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-11 Rick Wallace Kenyon , Amirhossein Sajadi , Bri-Mathias Hodge

This paper presents a trajectory tracking control strategy that modulates the active power injected by geographically distributed inverter-based resources to support transient stability. Each resource is independently controlled, and its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-29 Ryan T. Elliott , Payman Arabshahi , Daniel S. Kirschen

Fast and safe voltage regulation algorithms can serve as fundamental schemes for achieving a high level of renewable penetration in the modern distribution power grids. Faced with uncertain or even unknown distribution grid models and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-01 Yize Chen , Yuanyuan Shi , Daniel Arnold , Sean Peisert

The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Hai-Peng Ren , Qi Chen , Liang-Liang Zhang , Jie Li

Future power systems will include high shares of inverter-based generation. There is a general consensus that for allowing this transition, the Grid-Forming (GFM) control approach would be of great value. This article presents a GFM control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-08 Julian Freytes , Antoine Rossé , Valentin Costan , Grégoire Prime

Power system restoration is an important part of system planning. Power utilities are required to maintain black start capable generators that can energize the transmission system and provide cranking power to non-blackstart capable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-23 Quan Nguyen , Mallikarjuna R. Vallem , Bharat Vyakaranam , Ahmad Tbaileh , Xinda Ke , Nader Samaan

This paper investigates the design and analysis of a novel grid-forming (GFM) control method for grid-connected converters (GCCs). The core novelty lies in a virtual flux observer-based synchronization and load angle control method. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Xueqing Gao , Jun Zhang , Tao Li , Mingming Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning approaches are becoming appealing for the design of nonlinear controllers for voltage control problems, but the lack of stability guarantees hinders their deployment in real-world scenarios. This paper constructs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-31 Jie Feng , Wenqi Cui , Jorge Cortés , Yuanyuan Shi

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

The energy transition is causing many stability-related challenges for power systems. Transient stability refers to the ability of a power grid's bus angles to retain synchronism after the occurrence of a major fault. In this paper a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Tim Aschenbruck , Willem Esterhuizen , Stefan Streif

A new method for the stability assessment of inverter-based microgrids is presented in this paper. Directly determining stability boundaries by searching the multidimensional space of inverters' droop gains is a computationally prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Andrey Gorbunov , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng , Janusz W. Bialek , Petr Vorobev

Design and implementation of an optimal and robust single-loop voltage controller is proposed for single-phase grid forming voltage source inverter (VSI). The objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V. Salapaka

We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Stefanos Baros , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Francis O'Sullivan

The increasing penetration of converter-based renewable generation has resulted in faster frequency dynamics, and low and variable inertia. As a result, there is a need for frequency control methods that are able to stabilize a disturbance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Jie Feng , Manasa Muralidharan , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Yuanyuan Shi

The integration of converter-interfaced generation introduces new transient stability challenges to modern power systems. Classical Lyapunov- and scalable passivity-based approaches typically rely on restrictive assumptions, and finding…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Yifei Wang , Han Wang , Kehao Zhuang , Keith Moffat , Florian Dörfler

A model predictive control (MPC) method for enhancing post-fault transient stability of a grid-forming (GFM) inverter based resources (IBRs) is developed in this paper. This proposed controller is activated as soon as the converter enters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-09 Ali Arjomandi-Nezhad , Yifei Guo , Bikash C. Pal , Damiano Varagnolo

This article proposes the design of H-infinity-based robust current controller for single-phase grid-feeding voltage source inverter with an LCL filter. The main objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-26 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V. Salapaka

This letter proposes a dual model for grid-forming (GFM) controlled converters. The model is inspired from the observation that the structures of the active and reactive power equations of lossy synchronous machine models are almost…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Federico Milano

Inverter-based microgrids are an important technology for sustainable electrical power systems and typically use droop-controlled grid-forming inverters to interface distributed energy resources to the network and control the voltage and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas
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