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Related papers: A General Framework for Learning Mean-Field Games

200 papers

Competitive games involving thousands or even millions of players are prevalent in real-world contexts, such as transportation, communications, and computer networks. However, learning in these large-scale multi-agent environments presents…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Batuhan Yardim , Semih Cayci , Niao He

The designs of many large-scale systems today, from traffic routing environments to smart grids, rely on game-theoretic equilibrium concepts. However, as the size of an $N$-player game typically grows exponentially with $N$, standard game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Paul Muller , Romuald Elie , Mark Rowland , Mathieu Lauriere , Julien Perolat , Sarah Perrin , Matthieu Geist , Georgios Piliouras , Olivier Pietquin , Karl Tuyls

We consider online reinforcement learning in Mean-Field Games (MFGs). Unlike traditional approaches, we alleviate the need for a mean-field oracle by developing an algorithm that approximates the Mean-Field Equilibrium (MFE) using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Alec Koppel , Sujay Bhatt , Tamer Başar

Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning methods are limited typically to a small number of agents. When the agent number increases largely, the learning becomes intractable due to the curse of the dimensionality and the exponential…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Yaodong Yang , Rui Luo , Minne Li , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

This work studies non-cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) where multiple agents interact in the same environment and whose goal is to maximize the individual returns. Challenges arise when scaling up the number of agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Talal Algumaei , Ruben Solozabal , Reda Alami , Hakim Hacid , Merouane Debbah , Martin Takac

This paper proposes a novel Mean-Field Game (MFG) framework for large-scale attacker-defender systems aimed at protecting one or multiple High-Value Units (HVUs). Motivated by classical agent-wise attrition models, we introduce a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Avetik Arakelyan , Tigran Bakaryan , Davit Alaverdyan , Naira Hovakimyan , Isaac Kaminer

Even when confronted with the same data, agents often disagree on a model of the real-world. Here, we address the question of how interacting heterogenous agents, who disagree on what model the real-world follows, optimize their trading…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-13 Philippe Casgrain , Sebastian Jaimungal

We propose a novel mean field games (MFGs) based GAN(generative adversarial network) framework. To be specific, we utilize the Hopf formula in density space to rewrite MFGs as a primal-dual problem so that we are able to train the model via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Shaojun Ma , Haomin Zhou , Hongyuan Zha

This paper studies a large population dynamic game involving nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems with agents of the following mixed types: (i) a major agent, and (ii) a population of $N$ minor agents where $N$ is very large. The major…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-06-07 Mojtaba Nourian , Peter E. Caines

We develop a flexible stochastic approximation framework for analyzing the long-run behavior of learning in games (both continuous and finite). The proposed analysis template incorporates a wide array of popular learning algorithms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Volkan Cevher

Mean-field games (MFG) were introduced to efficiently analyze approximate Nash equilibria in large population settings. In this work, we consider entropy-regularized mean-field games with a finite state-action space in a discrete time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yue Guan , Mi Zhou , Ali Pakniyat , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Reinforcement learning for multi-agent games has attracted lots of attention recently. However, given the challenge of solving Nash equilibria for large population games, existing works with guaranteed polynomial complexities either focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang

This thesis is going to give a gentle introduction to Mean Field Games. It aims to produce a coherent text beginning for simple notions of deterministic control theory progressively to current Mean Field Games theory. The framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-03 Athanasios Vasiliadis

While multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has produced numerous algorithms that converge to Nash or related equilibria, such equilibria are often non-unique and can exhibit widely varying efficiency. This raises a fundamental…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Runyu Zhang , Gioele Zardini , Asuman Ozdaglar , Jeff Shamma , Na Li

We study discrete-time, finite-state mean-field games (MFGs) under model uncertainty, where agents face ambiguity about the state transition probabilities. Each agent maximizes its expected payoff against the worst-case transitions within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Zongxia Liang , Zhou Zhou , Yaqi Zhuang , Bin Zou

We consider the problem of representing collective behavior of large populations and predicting the evolution of a population distribution over a discrete state space. A discrete time mean field game (MFG) is motivated as an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Jiachen Yang , Xiaojing Ye , Rakshit Trivedi , Huan Xu , Hongyuan Zha

This article introduces a novel mean-field game model for multi-sector economic growth in which a dynamically evolving externality, influenced by the collective actions of agents, plays a central role. Building on classical growth theories…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Pierre Lavigne , Quentin Petit , Xavier Warin

In this work, we study an equilibrium-based continuous asset pricing problem which seeks to form a price process endogenously by requiring it to balance the flow of sales-and-purchase orders in the exchange market, where a large number of…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-28 Masaaki Fujii , Akihiko Takahashi

In this paper, we study the fundamental statistical efficiency of Reinforcement Learning in Mean-Field Control (MFC) and Mean-Field Game (MFG) with general model-based function approximation. We introduce a new concept called Mean-Field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Huang , Batuhan Yardim , Niao He

This paper proposes a new mathematical paradigm to analyze discrete-time mean-field games. It is shown that finding Nash equilibrium solutions for a general class of discrete-time mean-field games is equivalent to solving an optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang