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The increasing adoption of web crawling opt-outs by copyright holders of online content raises critical questions about the impact of data compliance on large language model (LLM) performance. However, little is known about how these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongyang Fan , Vinko Sabolčec , Matin Ansaripour , Ayush Kumar Tarun , Martin Jaggi , Antoine Bosselut , Imanol Schlag

The Right to be Forgotten is a core principle outlined by regulatory frameworks such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This principle allows individuals to request that their personal data be deleted from deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Alex Oesterling , Jiaqi Ma , Flavio P. Calmon , Hima Lakkaraju

The Digital Services Act (DSA) is a much awaited platforms liability reform in the European Union that was adopted on 1 November 2022 with the ambition to set a global example in terms of accountability and transparency. Among other…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rishabh Kaushal , Jacob van de Kerkhof , Catalina Goanta , Gerasimos Spanakis , Adriana Iamnitchi

Data mining is the process in which we extract the different patterns and useful Information from large dataset. According to London police, crimes are immediately increases from beginning of 2017 in different borough of London. No useful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Khawar Islam , Akhter Raza

To ensure that users of online services understand what data are collected and how they are used in algorithmic decision-making, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) specifies informed consent as a minimal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Than Htut Soe , Oda Elise Nordberg , Frode Guribye , Marija Slavkovik

Practitioners building online services and tools often turn to online forums such as Reddit, Law Stack Exchange, and Stack Overflow for legal guidance to ensure compliance with the GDPR. The legal information presented in these forums…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Lin Kyi , Cristiana Santos , Sushil Ammanaghatta Shivakumar , Franziska Roesner , Asia Biega

Current proposals for AI regulation, in the EU and beyond, aim to spur AI that is trustworthy (e.g., AI Act) and accountable (e.g., AI Liability) What is missing, however, is a robust regulatory discourse and roadmap to make AI, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Philipp Hacker

Understanding how data quality aligns with regulatory requirements in machine learning (ML) systems presents a critical challenge for practitioners navigating the evolving EU regulatory landscape. To address this, we first propose a…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yichun Wang , Kristina Irion , Paul Groth , Hazar Harmouch

A global challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation lies in achieving effective risk management without compromising innovation and technical progress. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act represents the first…

In April 2021, the European Commission proposed a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, known as the AI Act. We present an overview of the Act and analyse its implications, drawing on scholarship ranging from the study of contemporary AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Michael Veale , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

The explosive growth of machine learning has made it a critical infrastructure in the era of artificial intelligence. The extensive use of data poses a significant threat to individual privacy. Various countries have implemented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengzhu Liu , Ping Xiong , Tianqing Zhu , Philip S. Yu

Perception of privacy is a contested concept, which is also evolving along with the rapid proliferation and expansion of technological advancements. Information systems (IS) applications incorporate various sensing infrastructures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Hamoud Alhazmi , Ahmed Imran , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh

Despite stringent data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and other country-specific regulations, many websites continue to use cookies to track user…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Nivedita Singh , Yejin Do , Yongsang Yu. Imane Fouad , Jungrae Kim , Hyoungshick Kim

According to a recent EUROPOL report, cybercrime is still recurrent in Europe, and different activities and countermeasures must be taken to limit, prevent, detect, analyze, and fight it. Cybercrime must be prevented with specific measures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Silvia Lucia Sanna , Leonardo Regano , Davide Maiorca , Giorgio Giacinto

Software systems must comply with legal regulations, which is a resource-intensive task, particularly for small organizations and startups lacking dedicated legal expertise. Extracting metadata from regulations to elicit legal requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anmol Singhal , Travis Breaux

The rise of digital platforms has transformed political campaigning, introducing complex regulatory challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy for analyzing political content in the EU's digital electoral landscape, aligning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Marie-Therese Sekwenz , Rita Gsenger

Data breach disclosure (DBD) is presumed to improve firms' cybersecurity practices by inducing fear of subsequent revenue loss. This revenue loss, the theory goes, will occur if customers punish an offending firm by refusing to buy from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Muhammad Zia Hydari , Yangfan Liang , Rahul Telang

As an important step to fulfill the Paris Agreement and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the European Commission adopted the most ambitious package of climate impact measures in April 2021 to improve the flow of capital towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 You Han , Achintya Gopal , Liwen Ouyang , Aaron Key

As information economies burgeon, they unlock innovation and economic wealth while posing novel threats to civil liberties and altering power dynamics between individuals, companies, and governments. Legislatures have reacted with privacy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yujin Potter , Ella Corren , Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Chris Hoofnagle , Dawn Song

In this chapter, we review how the EU cybersecurity regulatory framework impacts providers of cloud computing services. We examine the evolving regulatory treatment of cloud services as an enabler of the EU's digital economy and question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Ian Walden , Johan David Michels