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Related papers: Predicting the Amount of GDPR Fines

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In this study, machine learning models were constructed to predict whether judgments made by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) would lead to a violation of an Article in the Convention on Human Rights. The problem is framed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Conor O'Sullivan , Joeran Beel

It is important for organisations to ensure that their privacy policies are General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant, and this has to be done by the May 2018 deadline. However, it is also important for these policies to be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Karen Renaud , Lynsay A. Shepherd

With the Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) the European Union provides the first regulatory document that applies to the entire complex of AI systems. While some fear that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Marc P. Hauer , Tobias D Krafft , Andreas Sesing-Wagenpfeil , Katharina Zweig

Recent years have witnessed the prosperity of legal artificial intelligence with the development of technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel legal application of legal provision prediction (LPP), which aims to predict the related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Luoqiu Li , Zhen Bi , Hongbin Ye , Shumin Deng , Hui Chen , Huaixiao Tou

This article discusses the troubled relationship between contemporary advertising technology (adtech) systems, in particular systems of real-time bidding (RTB, also known as programmatic advertising) underpinning much behavioral targeting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Michael Veale , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

The European Union (EU) has been pursuing a new strategy under the umbrella label of digital sovereignty. Data is an important element in this strategy. To this end, a specific Data Governance Act was enacted in 2022. This new regulation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jukka Ruohonen , Sini Mickelsson

The Digital Services Act (DSA) introduces harmonized rules for content moderation and platform governance in the European Union, mandating robust compliance mechanisms, particularly for very large online platforms and search engines. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Marie-Therese Sekwenz , Ben Wagner , Hans De Bruijn

Over the past few years, the European Commission has made significant steps to reduce disinformation in cyberspace. One of those steps has been the introduction of the 2022 "Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation". Signed by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Data regulations, such as GDPR, are increasingly being adopted globally to protect against unsafe data management practices. Such regulations are, often ambiguous (with multiple valid interpretations) when it comes to defining the expected…

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in various fields requires solid concepts to ensure compliance with upcoming legislation. This paper systematically examines the compliance of AI systems with relevant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Julius Schöning , Niklas Kruse

To help enforce data-protection regulations such as GDPR and detect unauthorized uses of personal data, we develop a new \emph{model auditing} technique that helps users check if their data was used to train a machine learning model. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Congzheng Song , Vitaly Shmatikov

The main goal of this paper is to study how often cookie banners that comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contain aesthetic manipulation, a design tactic to draw users' attention to the button that permits personal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riley Grossman , Michael Smith , Cristian Borcea , Yi Chen

Recent privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have established legal requirements for obtaining user consent regarding the collection, use, and sharing of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ying Li , Wenjun Qiu , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Kunlin Cai , Michelangelo van Dam , Lisa Austin , David Lie , Yuan Tian

The protection of user privacy is an important concern in machine learning, as evidenced by the rolling out of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (EU) in May 2018. The GDPR is designed to give users more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Kewei Cheng , Tao Fan , Yilun Jin , Yang Liu , Tianjian Chen , Dimitrios Papadopoulos , Qiang Yang

A potentially powerful method of social-scientific data collection and investigation has been created by an unexpected institution: the law. Article 15 of the EU's 2018 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mandates that individuals…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Laura Boeschoten , Jef Ausloos , Judith Moeller , Theo Araujo , Daniel L. Oberski

Android apps collecting data from users must comply with legal frameworks to ensure data protection. This requirement has become even more important since the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by the European…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mugdha Khedkar , Michael Schlichtig , Eric Bodden

This report provides a detailed comparison between the Safety and Security measures proposed in the EU AI Act's General-Purpose AI (GPAI) Code of Practice (Third Draft) and the current commitments and practices voluntarily adopted by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Lily Stelling , Mick Yang , Rokas Gipiškis , Leon Staufer , Ze Shen Chin , Siméon Campos , Ariel Gil , Michael Chen

This paper shows how knowledge representation and reasoning techniques can be used to support organizations in complying with the GDPR, that is, the new European data protection regulation. This work is carried out in a European H2020…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 P. A. Bonatti , L. Ioffredo , I. Petrova , L. Sauro , I. R. Siahaan

The protection of personal data has become a central topic in software development, especially with the implementation of the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 André Menolli , Luiz Fernando Nunes , Thiago A. Coleti

Automatically recommending relevant law articles to a given legal case has attracted much attention as it can greatly release human labor from searching over the large database of laws. However, current researches only support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Jidong Ge , Yunyun huang , Xiaoyu Shen , Chuanyi Li , Wei Hu