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Reinforcement learning offers the promise of automating the acquisition of complex behavioral skills. However, compared to commonly used and well-understood supervised learning methods, reinforcement learning algorithms can be brittle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Aviral Kumar , Xue Bin Peng , Sergey Levine

Existing approaches to reward inference from behavior typically assume that humans provide demonstrations according to specific models of behavior. However, humans often indicate their goals through a wide range of behaviors, from actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Will Schwarzer , Jordan Schneider , Philip S. Thomas , Scott Niekum

Common approaches to providing feedback in reinforcement learning are the use of hand-crafted rewards or full-trajectory expert demonstrations. Alternatively, one can use examples of completed tasks, but such an approach can be extremely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Trevor Ablett , Bryan Chan , Jayce Haoran Wang , Jonathan Kelly

In the last decade, deep learning has achieved great success in machine learning tasks where the input data is represented with different levels of abstractions. Driven by the recent research in reinforcement learning using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Dejan Markovikj

We address the issue of tuning hyperparameters (HPs) for imitation learning algorithms in the context of continuous-control, when the underlying reward function of the demonstrating expert cannot be observed at any time. The vast literature…

Bayesian methods for machine learning have been widely investigated, yielding principled methods for incorporating prior information into inference algorithms. In this survey, we provide an in-depth review of the role of Bayesian methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Shie Mannor , Joelle Pineau , Aviv Tamar

This paper addresses the problem of maintaining safety during training in Reinforcement Learning (RL), such that the safety constraint violations are bounded at any point during learning. In a variety of RL applications the safety of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rohan Mitta , Hosein Hasanbeig , Jun Wang , Daniel Kroening , Yiannis Kantaros , Alessandro Abate

A significant challenge for the practical application of reinforcement learning in the real world is the need to specify an oracle reward function that correctly defines a task. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) seeks to avoid this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Kelvin Xu , Ellis Ratner , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Extrapolating beyond-demonstrator (BD) performance through the imitation learning (IL) algorithm aims to learn from and subsequently outperform the demonstrator. To that end, a representative approach is to leverage inverse reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Mingqi Yuan , Mao-on Pun

We propose a data-efficient Gaussian process-based Bayesian approach to the semi-supervised learning problem on graphs. The proposed model shows extremely competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the-art graph neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Yin Cheng Ng , Nicolo Colombo , Ricardo Silva

Imitation learning is a class of promising policy learning algorithms that is free from many practical issues with reinforcement learning, such as the reward design issue and the exploration hardness. However, the current imitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Zhao-Heng Yin , Weirui Ye , Qifeng Chen , Yang Gao

Designing rewards for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging because it needs to convey the desired task, be efficient to optimize, and be easy to compute. The latter is particularly problematic when applying RL to robotics, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Yiming Ding , Carlos Florensa , Mariano Phielipp , Pieter Abbeel

High sample complexity has long been a challenge for RL. On the other hand, humans learn to perform tasks not only from interaction or demonstrations, but also by reading unstructured text documents, e.g., instruction manuals. Instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yue Wu , Yewen Fan , Paul Pu Liang , Amos Azaria , Yuanzhi Li , Tom M. Mitchell

Imitation learning often assumes that demonstrations are close to optimal according to some fixed, but unknown, cost function. However, according to satisficing theory, humans often choose acceptable behavior based on their personal (and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rushit N. Shah , Nikolaos Agadakos , Synthia Sasulski , Ali Farajzadeh , Sanjiban Choudhury , Brian Ziebart

The goal of reinforcement learning algorithms is to estimate and/or optimise the value function. However, unlike supervised learning, no teacher or oracle is available to provide the true value function. Instead, the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Zhongwen Xu , Hado van Hasselt , David Silver

Imitation learning is an effective alternative approach to learn a policy when the reward function is sparse. In this paper, we consider a challenging setting where an agent and an expert use different actions from each other. We assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Konrad Zolna , Negar Rostamzadeh , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn , Pedro O. Pinheiro

In imitation learning, it is common to learn a behavior policy to match an unknown target policy via max-likelihood training on a collected set of target demonstrations. In this work, we consider using offline experience datasets -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Ofir Nachum , Mengjiao Yang

Reinforcement Learning algorithms aim to learn optimal control strategies through iterative interactions with an environment. A critical element in this process is the experience replay buffer, which stores past experiences, allowing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Hoda Yamani , Yuning Xing , Lee Violet C. Ong , Bruce A. MacDonald , Henry Williams

Learning goal conditioned control in the real world is a challenging open problem in robotics. Reinforcement learning systems have the potential to learn autonomously via trial-and-error, but in practice the costs of manual reward design,…

We propose WayEx, a new method for learning complex goal-conditioned robotics tasks from a single demonstration. Our approach distinguishes itself from existing imitation learning methods by demanding fewer expert examples and eliminating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Mara Levy , Nirat Saini , Abhinav Shrivastava