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The maximum common subtree isomorphism problem asks for the largest possible isomorphism between subtrees of two given input trees. This problem is a natural restriction of the maximum common subgraph problem, which is ${\sf NP}$-hard in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Andre Droschinsky , Nils M. Kriege , Petra Mutzel

We give a $O^*(k^{O(k)})$ time isomorphism testing algorithm for graphs of eigenvalue multiplicity bounded by $k$ which improves on the previous best running time bound of $O^*(2^{O(k^2/\log k)})$.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-18 Vikraman Arvind , Gaurav Rattan

We study the complexity of graph problems on graphs defined on groups, especially power graphs. We observe that an isomorphism invariant problem, such as Hamiltonian Path, Partition into Cliques, Feedback Vertex Set, Subgraph Isomorphism,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Bireswar Das , Dipan Dey , Jinia Ghosh

Color refinement is a classical technique used to show that two given graphs G and H are non-isomorphic; it is very efficient, although it does not succeed on all graphs. We call a graph G amenable to color refinement if it succeeds in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-05 V. Arvind , Johannes Köbler , Gaurav Rattan , Oleg Verbitsky

We solve the subgraph isomorphism problem in planar graphs in linear time, for any pattern of constant size. Our results are based on a technique of partitioning the planar graph into pieces of small tree-width, and applying dynamic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David Eppstein

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Many graph isomorphism relaxations such as (quantum) isomorphism…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marek Černý , Tim Seppelt

We show that the isomorphism problem is solvable in the class of central extensions of word-hyperbolic groups, and that the isomorphism problem for biautomatic groups reduces to that for biautomatic groups with finite centre. We describe an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Martin R. Bridson , Lawrence Reeves

We generalize the structure theorem of Robertson and Seymour for graphs excluding a fixed graph $H$ as a minor to graphs excluding $H$ as a topological subgraph. We prove that for a fixed $H$, every graph excluding $H$ as a topological…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Martin Grohe , Dániel Marx

A homomorphism from a graph $G$ to a graph $H$ is an edge-preserving mapping from $V(G)$ to $V(H)$. Let $H$ be a fixed graph with possible loops. In the list homomorphism problem, denoted by \textsc{LHom}($H$), the instance is a graph $G$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak , Karolina Okrasa , Paweł Rzążewski

We study the problems of counting the homomorphisms, counting the copies, and counting the induced copies of a $k$-vertex graph $H$ in a $d$-degenerate $n$-vertex graph $G$. Our main result establishes exhaustive and explicit complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Marco Bressan , Marc Roth

The subgraph isomorphism finding problem is a well-studied problem in the field of computer science and graph theory, and it aims to enumerate all instances of a query graph in the respective data graph. In this paper, we propose an…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Zubair Ali Ansari , Muhammad Abulaish , Irfan Rashid Thoker , Jahiruddin

The computational complexity of the graph isomorphism problem is considered to be a major open problem in theoretical computer science. It is known that testing isomorphism of chordal graphs is polynomial-time equivalent to the general…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Vikraman Arvind , Roman Nedela , Ilia Ponomarenko , Peter Zeman

$ $We study the $d$-Uniform Hypergraph Matching ($d$-UHM) problem: given an $n$-vertex hypergraph $G$ where every hyperedge is of size $d$, find a maximum cardinality set of disjoint hyperedges. For $d\geq3$, the problem of finding the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Oussama Hanguir , Clifford Stein

In a reconfiguration problem, we are given two feasible solutions of a combinatorial problem and our goal is to determine whether it is possible to reconfigure one into the other, with the steps dictated by specific reconfiguration rules.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Tatsuhiro Suga , Akira Suzuki , Yuma Tamura , Xiao Zhou

Counting small patterns in a large dataset is a fundamental algorithmic task. The most common version of this task is subgraph/homomorphism counting, wherein we count the number of occurrences of a small pattern graph $H$ in an input graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniel Paul-Pena , C. Seshadhri

An $H$-graph is an intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a suitable subdivision of a fixed graph $H$. Many important classes of graphs, including interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, and chordal graphs, can be expressed as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Deniz Ağaoğlu Çağırıcı , Peter Zeman

The isomorphism problem is a fundamental problem in network analysis, which involves capturing both low-order and high-order structural information. In terms of extracting low-order structural information, graph isomorphism algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Yifan Feng , Jiashu Han , Shihui Ying , Yue Gao

A classical difficult isomorphism testing problem is to test isomorphism of p-groups of class 2 and exponent p in time polynomial in the group order. It is known that this problem can be reduced to solving the alternating matrix space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Yinan Li , Youming Qiao

We prove that Graph Isomorphism and Canonization in graphs excluding a fixed graph $H$ as a minor can be solved by an algorithm working in time $f(H)\cdot n^{O(1)}$, where $f$ is some function. In other words, we show that these problems…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Daniel Lokshtanov , Marcin Pilipczuk , Michał Pilipczuk , Saket Saurabh

We study the complexity of the Graph Isomorphism problem on graph classes that are characterized by a finite number of forbidden induced subgraphs, focusing mostly on the case of two forbidden subgraphs. We show hardness results and develop…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Stefan Kratsch , Pascal Schweitzer