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In this paper we study a natural generalization of both {\sc $k$-Path} and {\sc $k$-Tree} problems, namely, the {\sc Subgraph Isomorphism} problem. In the {\sc Subgraph Isomorphism} problem we are given two graphs $F$ and $G$ on $k$ and $n$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-12-15 Fedor V. Fomin , Daniel Lokshtanov , Venkatesh Raman , B. V. Raghavendra Rao , Saket Saurabh

The graph isomorphism problem is a main problem which has numerous applications in different fields. Thus, finding an efficient and easy to implement method to discriminate non-isomorphic graphs is valuable. In this paper, a new method is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Ameneh Farhadian

We study the isomorphism problem for random hypergraphs. We show that it is solvable in polynomial time for the binomial random $k$-uniform hypergraph $H_{n,p;k}$, for a wide range of $p$. We also show that it is solvable w.h.p. for random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Debsoumya Chakraborti , Alan Frieze , Simi Haber , Mihir Hasabnis

The graph isomorphism problem asks whether two graphs are identical up to vertex relabeling. While the exact problem admits quasi-polynomial-time classical algorithms, many applications in molecular comparison, noisy network analysis, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Prateek P. Kulkarni

The graph isomorphism problem is considered. We assign modified $n$-variable characteristic polynomials for graphs and reduce the graph isomorphism problem to the problem of the polynomials isomorphism. It is required to find out, is there…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Alexander Prolubnikov

We show that the existence of a homomorphism from an $n$-vertex graph $G$ to an $h$-vertex graph $H$ can be decided in time $2^{O(n)}h^{O(1)}$ and polynomial space if $H$ comes from a family of graphs that excludes a topological minor. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Clément Carbonnel

The graph homomorphism problem (HOM) asks whether the vertices of a given $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be mapped to the vertices of a given $h$-vertex graph $H$ such that each edge of $G$ is mapped to an edge of $H$. The problem generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

We prove that unless Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails, deciding if there is a homomorphism from graph $G$ to graph $H$ cannot be done in time $|V(H)|^{o(|V(G)|)}$. Combined with the reduction of Cygan, Pachocki, and Soca{\l}a, our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem is the computational problem of finding a permutation of vertices of a given graph $G_1$ that transforms $G_1$ to another given graph $G_2$ and preserves the adjacency. In this work, we propose a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Xi Li , Hanwu Chen

In this paper, we give new, tight subexponential lower bounds for a number of graph embedding problems. We introduce two related combinatorial problems, which we call String Crafting and Orthogonal Vector crafting, and show that these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Hans L. Bodlaender , Tom C. van der Zanden

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem, which asks whether two graphs are structurally identical, occupies a unique position in computational complexity -- it is neither known to be solvable in polynomial time, nor proven to be NP-complete. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Wenjie Xiao , Mathieu Besançon , Patrick Gelß , Deborah Hendrych , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Pokutta

It is known that a graph isomorphism testing algorithm is polynomially equivalent to a detecting of a graph non-trivial automorphism algorithm. The polynomiality of the latter algorithm, is obtained by consideration of symmetry properties…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

A mixed graph is a set of vertices together with an edge set and an arc set. An $(m,n)$-mixed graph $G$ is a mixed graph whose edges are each assigned one of $m$ colours, and whose arcs are each assigned one of $n$ colours. A \emph{switch}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Richard C Brewster , Arnott Kidner , Gary MacGillivray

We prove that unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails, deciding if there is a homomorphism from graph $G$ to graph $H$ cannot be done in time $|V(H)|^{o(|V(G)|)}$. We also show an exponential-time reduction from Graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Marek Cygan , Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

Let $G$ and $H$ be two simple graphs. A bijection $\phi:V(G)\rightarrow V(H)$ is called an isomorphism between $G$ and $H$ if $(\phi v_i)(\phi v_j)\in E(H)$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $v_i v_j\in E(G)$, $\forall v_i,v_j \in V(G)$. In the case that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-27 Wenxue Du

In this article, we will show that the automorphism group of any hypergraph is essentially equal to the determinant of some matrix over a ring generated from the set of ground points. With this, we are also able to determine whether two…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-07-05 Zhonggan Huang

We study the complexity of testing if two given matroids are isomorphic. The problem is easily seen to be in $\Sigma_2^p$. In the case of linear matroids, which are represented over polynomially growing fields, we note that the problem is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-11-25 Raghavendra Rao B. V. , Jayalal M. N. Sarma

The transversal hypergraph problem is the task of enumerating the minimal hitting sets of a hypergraph. It is a long-standing open question whether this can be done in output-polynomial time. For hypergraphs whose solutions have bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Thomas Bläsius , Tobias Friedrich , Julius Lischeid , Kitty Meeks , Martin Schirneck

In this paper we show lower bounds for a certain large class of algorithms solving the Graph Isomorphism problem, even on expander graph instances. Spielman [25] shows an algorithm for isomorphism of strongly regular expander graphs that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Aaron Snook , Grant Schoenebeck , Paolo Codenotti

We consider the following problem closely related to graph isomorphism. In a simplified version, the task is to compute the automorphism group of a given set family (or a hypergraph), that is, the group of all automorphisms of the given…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Deniz Ağaoğlu Çağırıcı , Petr Hliněný