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Exponential tilting is a technique commonly used in fields such as statistics, probability, information theory, and optimization to create parametric distribution shifts. Despite its prevalence in related fields, tilting has not seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Tian Li , Ahmad Beirami , Maziar Sanjabi , Virginia Smith

We introduce Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM), a learning paradigm to estimate invariant correlations across multiple training distributions. To achieve this goal, IRM learns a data representation such that the optimal classifier, on top…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-31 Martin Arjovsky , Léon Bottou , Ishaan Gulrajani , David Lopez-Paz

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Arturs Backurs , Piotr Indyk , Ludwig Schmidt

Missing data imputation, where a model is trained on observed data to estimate unobserved values, is a fundamental problem in machine learning. In this paper, we rigorously formulate imputation model learning as a mean-squared error risk…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Luke Shannon , Song Liu , Katarzyna Reluga

In this paper, we study the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) problem in the non-interactive Local Differential Privacy (LDP) model. Previous research on this problem \citep{smith2017interaction} indicates that the sample complexity, to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Di Wang , Marco Gaboardi , Adam Smith , Jinhui Xu

In Bayesian optimization, accounting for the importance of the output relative to the input is a crucial yet challenging exercise, as it can considerably improve the final result but often involves inaccurate and cumbersome entropy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Antoine Blanchard , Themistoklis Sapsis

The theoretical and empirical performance of Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) often suffers when loss functions are poorly behaved with large Lipschitz moduli and spurious sharp minimizers. We propose and analyze a counterpart to ERM…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Matthew Norton , Johannes O. Royset

In this work, we establish risk bounds for the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) with both dependent and heavy-tailed data-generating processes. We do so by extending the seminal works of Mendelson [Men15, Men18] on the analysis of ERM with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Abhishek Roy , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Murat A. Erdogdu

Importance sampling has been known as a powerful tool to reduce the variance of Monte Carlo estimator for rare event simulation. Based on the criterion of minimizing the variance of Monte Carlo estimator within a parametric family, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-11 Cheng-Der Fuh , Huei-Wen Teng , Ren-Her Wang

We develop new methods to integrate experimental and observational data in causal inference. While randomized controlled trials offer strong internal validity, they are often costly and therefore limited in sample size. Observational data,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-04 Xuelin Yang , Licong Lin , Susan Athey , Michael I. Jordan , Guido W. Imbens

We address the weighting problem in voluntary samples under a nonignorable sample selection model. Under the assumption that the sample selection model is correctly specified, we can compute a consistent estimator of the model parameter and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-12 Jae Kwang Kim , Kosuke Morikawa

Meta-learning leverages related source tasks to learn an initialization that can be quickly fine-tuned to a target task with limited labeled examples. However, many popular meta-learning algorithms, such as model-agnostic meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-24 Diana Cai , Rishit Sheth , Lester Mackey , Nicolo Fusi

Time series prediction is often complicated by distribution shift which demands adaptive models to accommodate time-varying distributions. We frame time series prediction under distribution shift as a weighted empirical risk minimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Stefanos Bennett , Jase Clarkson

We consider the problem of low probability estimation: given a machine learning model and a formally-specified input distribution, how can we estimate the probability of a binary property of the model's output, even when that probability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Gabriel Wu , Jacob Hilton

Importance Sampling (IS) is a method for approximating expectations under a target distribution using independent samples from a proposal distribution and the associated importance weights. In many applications, the target distribution is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-14 Gabriel Cardoso , Sergey Samsonov , Achille Thin , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

This paper addresses intra-client and inter-client covariate shifts in federated learning (FL) with a focus on the overall generalization performance. To handle covariate shifts, we formulate a new global model training paradigm and propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Fanghui Liu , Thomas Pethick , Grigorios Chrysos , Volkan Cevher

Consider the empirical risk minimization (ERM) problem, which is stated as follows. Let $K_1, \dots, K_m$ be compact convex sets with $K_i \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n_i}$ for $i \in [m]$, $n = \sum_{i=1}^m n_i$, and $n_i\le C_K$ for some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yang P. Liu , Richard Peng , Colin Tang , Albert Weng , Junzhao Yang

Obtaining guarantees on the convergence of the minimizers of empirical risks to the ones of the true risk is a fundamental matter in statistical learning. Instead of deriving guarantees on the usual estimation error, the goal of this paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Paul Escande

Many convex optimization problems with important applications in machine learning are formulated as empirical risk minimization (ERM). There are several examples: linear and logistic regression, LASSO, kernel regression, quantile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Song Bian , Zhao Song , Junze Yin

We propose a sampling scheme suitable for reducing a data set prior to selecting a hypothesis with minimum empirical risk. The sampling only considers a subset of the ultimate (unknown) hypothesis set, but can nonetheless guarantee that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-06-25 Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis