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We call the minimum order of any complete graph so that for any coloring of the edges by $k$ colors it is impossible to avoid a monochromatic or rainbow triangle, a Mixed Ramsey number. For any graph $H$ with edges colored from the above…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Marcus Bartlett , Elliot Krop , Thuhong Nguyen , Michael Ngo , Petra President

We prove a new generalisation of Ramsey's theorem by showing that every $2$-edge-coloured graph with sufficiently large minimum degree contains a monochromatic induced subgraph whose minimum degree remains large. From this, we also derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Arnab Char , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Lucas Picasarri-Arrieta

For given graphs $G_1,\ldots,G_k$, the size-Ramsey number $\hat{R}(G_1,\ldots,G_k)$ is the smallest integer $m$ for which there exists a graph $H$ on $m$ edges such that in every $k$-edge coloring of $H$ with colors $1,\ldots,k$, $ H $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-26 Ramin Javadi , Farideh Khoeini , Gholam Reza Omidi , Alexey Pokrovskiy

Let $n,r,k,s$ be positive integers with $n,k\ge 2$. The generalized Ramsey number $R(n,r;k,s)$ is the smallest positive integer $p$ such that for every graph $G$ of order $p$, either $G$ contains a subgraph induced by $n$ vertices with at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Zhi-Hong Sun

For two graphs, $G$, and $H$, an edge-coloring of a complete graph is $(G,H)$-good if there is no monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to $G$ and no rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$ in this coloring. The set of number of colors used by some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-18 Maria Axenovich , JiHyeok Choi

In a $(G^1,G^2)$ coloring of a graph $G$, every edge of $G$ is in $G^1$ or $G^2$. For two bipartite graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, the bipartite Ramsey number $BR(H_1, H_2)$ is the least integer $b\geq 1$, such that for every $(G^1, G^2)$ coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Yaser Rowshan

The online Ramsey game for graphs $G$ and $H$ is played on the infinite complete graph $K_\mathbb{N}$. Each round, Builder chooses an edge, and Painter colors it red or blue. The online Ramsey number $\tilde{r}(G,H)$ is the smallest integer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Sam Beilis , Israel R. Curbelo

A graph $G$ is called a replication graph of a graph $H$ if $G$ is obtained from $H$ by replacing vertices of $H$ by arbitrary cliques of vertices and then replacing each edge in $H$ by all the edges between corresponding cligues. For a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-01-26 Marek Szykuła , Andrzej Kisielewicz

Given a nonempty graph $G$, a collection of nonempty graphs $\cal{H}$, and a positive integer $k$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $\mathrm{gr}_k(G:\mathcal{H})$ is defined to be the minimum positive integer $n$ such that every exact…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Zhao Wang , Lanyanni Zhang , Meiqin Wei , Mark Budden

Given a graph $G$, its $2$-color Tur\'{a}n number $\mathrm{ex}^{(2)}(n,G)$ is the largest number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph whose edges can be colored with two colors avoiding a monochromatic copy of $G$. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Maria Axenovich , Simon Gaa , Dingyuan Liu

An edge-colored hypergraph is called \emph{a rainbow hypergraph} if all the colors on its edges are distinct. Given two positive integers $n,r$ and an $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{G}$, the anti-Ramsey number $ar_r(n,\mathcal{G})$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Hongliang Lu , Xinyue Luo , Xinxin Ma

A graph is properly edge-colored if no two adjacent edges have the same color. The smallest number of edges in a graph any of whose proper edge colorings contains a totally multicolored copy of a graph H is the size anti-Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-05 Maria Axenovich , Kolja Knauer , Judith Stumpp , Torsten Ueckerdt

Bipartite Ramsey numbers is the smallest size of a complete bipartite graph $K_{N,N}$ such that every edge-coloring with a given number of colors inevitably yields a monochromatic copy of a prescribed bipartite graph. While exact values…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Meng Ji

Given a hypergraph $H$, the size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}_2(H)$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$ edges with the property that in any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Jie Han , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Shoham Letzter , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Olaf Parczyk

A star edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that every path and cycle of length four in $G$ uses at least three different colors. The star chromatic index of a graph $G$, is the smallest integer $k$ for which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-22 Behnaz Omoomi , Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi

Let $K_m^{(3)}$ denote the complete $3$-uniform hypergraph on $m$ vertices and $S_n^{(3)}$ the $3$-uniform hypergraph on $n+1$ vertices consisting of all $\binom{n}{2}$ edges incident to a given vertex. Whereas many hypergraph Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-10 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Xiaoyu He , Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk , Jacques Verstraete

For a fixed infinite graph $H$, we study the largest density of a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to $H$ that can be found in every two-coloring of the edges of $K_{\mathbb{N}}$. This is called the Ramsey upper density of $H$, and was…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-16 Ander Lamaison

An edge-colored graph is called \textit{rainbow graph} if all the colors on its edges are distinct. Given a positive integer $n$ and a graph $G$, the \textit{anti-Ramsey number} $ar(n,G)$ is defined to be the minimum number of colors $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Hongliang Lu , Xinyue Luo , Xinxin Ma

For every $k\ge 2$ and $\Delta$, we prove that there exists a constant $C_{\Delta,k}$ such that the following holds. For every graph $H$ with $\chi(H)=k$ and every tree with at least $C_{\Delta,k}|H|$ vertices and maximum degree at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Richard Montgomery , Matías Pavez-Signé , Jun Yan

A major line of research is discovering Ramsey-type theorems, which are results of the following form: given a graph parameter $\rho$, every graph $G$ with sufficiently large $\rho(G)$ contains a `well-structured' induced subgraph $H$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-15 Ilkyoo Choi , Michitaka Furuya , Ringi Kim , Boram Park