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High-quality random numbers are very critical to many fields such as cryptography, finance, and scientific simulation, which calls for the design of reliable true random number generators (TRNGs). Limited by entropy source, throughput,…
We consider sequential hypothesis testing between two quantum states using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. In this setting, samples of an unknown state are requested sequentially and a decision to either continue or to accept one of…
The computational equivalence between approximate counting and sampling is well established for polynomial-time algorithms. The most efficient general reduction from counting to sampling is achieved via simulated annealing, where the…
Ideal quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce algorithmically random and thus incomputable sequences, in contrast to pseudo-random number generators. However, the verification of the presence of algorithmic randomness and…
Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in…
This paper establishes a novel analytical approach to quantify robustness of scheduling and battery management for battery supported cyber-physical systems. A dynamic schedulability test is introduced to determine whether tasks are…
Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are essential in a wide range of applications, from cryptography to statistical simulations and optimization algorithms. While uniform randomness is crucial for security-critical areas like…
Random number generation (RNG) is a crucial element in security protocols, and its performance and reliability are critical for the safety and integrity of digital systems. This is especially true in 5G networks with many devices with low…
Ageing of lithium-ion batteries results in irreversible reduction in performance. Intrinsic variability between cells, caused by manufacturing differences, occurs throughout life and increases with age. Researchers need to know the minimum…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) output genuine random numbers based upon the uncertainty principle. A QRNG contains two parts in general --- a randomness source and a readout detector. How to remove detector imperfections has been…
This article contains the first published example of a real economic balance sheet where the Solvency II ratio substantially depends on the seed selected for the random number generator (RNG) used. The theoretical background and the main…
Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators…
Recent advances in predictive data analytics and ever growing digitalization and connectivity with explosive expansions in industrial and consumer Internet-of-Things (IoT) has raised significant concerns about security of people's…
Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) are ubiquitous in stochastic simulations and machine learning (ML), where they drive sampling, parameter initialization, regularization, and data shuffling. While widely used, the potential impact of…
Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…
In this paper, we develop an information entropy based metric that represents the statistical quality of the generated binary sequence in Truly Random Number Generators (TRNG). The metric can be used for the design and optimization of the…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…
The problem of robust binary hypothesis testing is studied. Under both hypotheses, the data-generating distributions are assumed to belong to uncertainty sets constructed through moments; in particular, the sets contain distributions whose…
A high-speed random number generator (RNG) circuit based on magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) using an error-correcting code (ECC) post processing circuit is presented. ECC post processing increases the quality of randomness by…
Random numbers are a valuable commodity in gaming and gambling, simulation, conventional and quantum cryptography, and in non-conventional computing schemes such as stochastic computing. We propose to generate a random bit using a position…