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Conventional random number generators provide the speed but not necessarily the high quality output streams needed for large-scale stochastic simulations. Cryptographically-based generators, on the other hand, provide superior quality…

The pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs), sampling algorithms, and algorithms for generating random integers in some common statistical packages and programming languages are unnecessarily inaccurate, by an amount that may matter for…

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then…

This paper targets to search so-called \emph{good} generators by doing a brief survey over the generators developed in the history of pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs), verify their claims and rank them based on strong empirical tests…

Random number generators (RNG) are an important resource in many areas: cryptography (both quantum and classical), probabilistic computation (Monte Carlo methods), numerical simulations, industrial testing and labeling, hazard games,…

Many Random Number Generators (RNG) are available nowadays; they are divided in two categories, hardware RNG, that provide "true" random numbers, and algorithmic RNG, that generate pseudo random numbers (PRNG). Both types usually generate…

True random number generator (TRNG) plays a vital role in a variety of security applications and protocols. The security and privacy of an asset rely on the encryption, which solely depends on the quality of random numbers. Memory chips are…

Random numbers are central to various applications such as secure communications, quantum key distribution theory (QKD), statistics, and other tasks. One of today's most popular generators is quantum random numbers (QRNGs). The inherent…

We use data on 124 batteries released by Stanford University to first try to solve the binary classification problem of determining if a battery is "good" or "bad" given only the first 5 cycles of data (i.e., will it last longer than a…

A new method based on the rejection sampling for finding statistical tests is proposed. This method is conceptually intuitive, easy to implement, and applicable for arbitrary dimension. To illustrate its potential applicability, three…

Pseudo-Random Numbers Generators (PRNGs) are algorithms produced to generate long sequences of statistically uncorrelated numbers, i.e. Pseudo-Random Numbers (PRNs). These numbers are widely employed in mid-level cryptography and in…

Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are widely used in modern computing and are expected to exhibit excellent statistical performance and repeatability. This study evaluates and compares modern PRNGs used in high performance computing…

The ever-increasing need for random numbers is clear in many areas of computer science, from neural networks to optimization. As such, most common programming language provide easy access to Pseudorandom Number Generators. However, these…

Random number generation is an important task in a wide variety of critical applications including cryptographic algorithms, scientific simulations, and industrial testing tools. True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) produce truly random…

Single-Instruction, Multiple-Data (SIMD) random number generators (RNGs) take advantage of vector units to offer significant performance gain over non-vectorized libraries, but they often rely on batch production of deviates from…

Nowadays random number generation plays an essential role in technology with important applications in areas ranging from cryptography, which lies at the core of current communication protocols, to Monte Carlo methods, and other…

Fault diagnosis is extremely important to the safe operation of Lithium-ion batteries. To avoid severe safety issues (e.g., thermal runaway), initial faults should be timely detected and resolved. In this paper, we consider…

In covariate-adaptive or response-adaptive randomization, the treatment assignment and outcome can be correlated. Under this situation, re-randomization tests are a straightforward and attractive method to provide valid statistical…

Random testing approaches work by generating inputs at random, or by selecting inputs randomly from some pre-defined operational profile. One long-standing question that arises in this and other testing contexts is as follows: When can we…

We discuss the current state of the art of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and their possible applications in the search for quantum advantages. To this aim, we first discuss a possible way of benchmarking QRNG by applying them to…