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Adaptive Random Testing (ART) has faced criticism, particularly for its computational inefficiency, as highlighted by Arcuri and Briand. Their analysis clarified how ART requires a quadratic number of distance computations as the number of…
Randomized benchmarking (RB) is an efficient and robust method to characterize gate errors in quantum circuits. Averaging over random sequences of gates leads to estimates of gate errors in terms of the average fidelity. These estimates are…
The majority of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) are designed as converters of a continuous quantum random variable into a discrete classical random bit value. For the resulting random bit sequence to be minimally biased, the…
While scaling test-time compute can substantially improve model performance, existing approaches either rely on static compute allocation or sample from fixed generation distributions. In this work, we introduce a test-time compute…
We propose a new DRAM-based true random number generator (TRNG) that leverages DRAM cells as an entropy source. The key idea is to intentionally violate the DRAM access timing parameters and use the resulting errors as the source of…
The distribution function of a random distance in three dimensions is given and some new three-dimensional d2-tests of randomness are suggested. We show that our test statistics are not correlated with the usual test statistics and are…
Random numbers are incredibly important in a variety of fields, and the need for their validation remains important for safety. A Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) can theoretically generate truly random numbers, however their quality…
Rejection sampling is a popular method used to generate numbers that follow some given distribution. We study the use of this method to generate random numbers in the unit interval from increasing probability density functions. We focus on…
The randomness from a quantum random number generator (QRNG) relies on the accurate characterization of its devices. However, device imperfections and inaccurate characterizations can result in wrong entropy estimation and bias in practice,…
We consider how increasingly available observational data can be used to improve the design of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We seek to design a prospective RCT, with the intent of using an Empirical Bayes estimator to shrink the…
In this paper, we introduce a variation of the group testing problem capturing the idea that a positive test requires a combination of multiple ``types'' of item. Specifically, we assume that there are multiple disjoint \emph{semi-defective…
It is imperative for testing to determine if the components within large-scale software systems operate functionally. Interaction testing involves designing a suite of tests, which guarantees to detect a fault if one exists among a small…
The recent surge of building software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of various testing frameworks, primarily focused on treating prompt templates as the unit of testing. Despite the significant…
The $k$-of-$n$ testing problem involves performing $n$ independent tests sequentially, in order to determine whether/not at least $k$ tests pass. The objective is to minimize the expected cost of testing. This is a fundamental and…
With the rapid development of internet Router, the complexity of its mainboard has been growing dramatically. The high reliability requirement renders the number of testing cases increasing exponentially, which becomes the bottleneck that…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators (TRNGs). In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG…
In this work we implement the so-called matching time estimators for estimating the entropy rate as well as the entropy production rate for symbolic sequences. These estimators are based on recurrence properties of the system, which have…
This work presents two significant contributions from the perspectives of quantum random number generator (QRNG) manufacturers and users. For manufacturers, the conventional method of assessing the quantumness of single-photon-based QRNGs…
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly growing as a key solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, prolonged charging times remain a significant barrier to widespread EV usage, especially for individuals without…
The generation of series of random numbers is an important and difficult problem. Even the very definition of random is difficult. Appropriate measurements on entangled states have been proposed as the definitive solution to produce series…