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In a RAC drawing of a graph, vertices are represented by points in the plane, adjacent vertices are connected by line segments, and crossings must form right angles. Graphs that admit such drawings are RAC graphs. RAC graphs are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Steven Chaplick , Henry Förster , Myroslav Kryven , Alexander Wolff

Recent cognitive experiments have shown that the negative impact of an edge crossing on the human understanding of a graph drawing, tends to be eliminated in the case where the crossing angles are greater than 70 degrees. This motivated the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Evmorfia N. Argyriou , Michael A. Bekos , Antonios Symvonis

In a right-angle crossing (RAC) drawing of a graph, each edge is represented as a polyline and edge crossings must occur at an angle of exactly $90^\circ$, where the number of bends on such polylines is typically restricted in some way.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Cornelius Brand , Robert Ganian , Sebastian Röder , Florian Schager

Motivated by cognitive experiments providing evidence that large crossing-angles do not impair the readability of a graph drawing, RAC (Right Angle Crossing) drawings were introduced to address the problem of producing readable…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Julia Katheder , Michael Kaufmann , Maximilian Pfister

A k-bend right-angle-crossing drawing or (k-bend RAC drawing}, for short) of a graph is a polyline drawing where each edge has at most k bends and the angles formed at the crossing points of the edges are 90 degrees. Accordingly, a graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Henry Förster , Michael Kaufmann

Given two planar graphs that are defined on the same set of vertices, a RAC simultaneous drawing is one in which each graph is drawn planar, there are no edge overlaps and the crossings between the two graphs form right angles. The…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Michael A. Bekos , Thomas C. van Dijk , Philipp Kindermann , Alexander Wolff

A RAC graph is one admitting a RAC drawing, that is, a polyline drawing in which each crossing occurs at a right angle. Originally motivated by psychological studies on readability of graph layouts, RAC graphs form one of the most prominent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Julia Katheder , Michael Kaufmann , Maximilian Pfister , Torsten Ueckerdt

A RAC-drawing of a graph is a straight-line drawing in which every crossing occurs at a right-angle. We show that deciding whether a graph has a RAC-drawing is as hard as the existential theory of the reals, even if we know that every edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Marcus Schaefer

An \emph{outer-RAC drawing} of a graph is a straight-line drawing where all vertices are incident to the outer cell and all edge crossings occur at a right angle. If additionally, all crossing edges are either horizontal or vertical, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Förster , Julia Katheder , Giacomo Ortali

A graph G is an a-angle crossing (aAC) graph if every pair of crossing edges in G intersect at an angle of at least a. The concept of right angle crossing (RAC) graphs (a=Pi/2) was recently introduced by Didimo et. al. It was shown that any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-12 Vida Dujmovic , Joachim Gudmundsson , Pat Morin , Thomas Wolle

In this paper, we introduce and study "geometric simultaneous RAC drawing problems", i.e., a combination of problems on geometric RAC drawings and geometric simultaneous graph drawings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Evmorfia N. Argyriou , Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Antonios Symvonis

We study a question that lies at the intersection of classical research subjects in Topological Graph Theory and Graph Drawing: Computing a drawing of a graph with a prescribed number of crossings on a given set $S$ of points, while…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Giuseppe Di Battista , Giuseppe Liotta , Maurizio Patrignani , Antonios Symvonis , Ioannis G. Tollis

We study algorithms for drawing planar graphs and 1-planar graphs using cubic B\'ezier curves with bounded curvature. We show that any n-vertex 1-planar graph has a 1-planar RAC drawing using a single cubic B\'ezier curve per edge, and this…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-10-17 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Abraham M. Illickan

A graph is 1-planar if it has a drawing where each edge is crossed at most once. A drawing is RAC (Right Angle Crossing) if the edges cross only at right angles. The relationships between 1-planar graphs and RAC drawings have been partially…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Walter Didimo , Giuseppe Liotta , Saeed Mehrabi , Fabrizio Montecchiani

We present algorithms that extend the path-based hierarchical drawing framework and give experimental results. Our algorithms run in $O(km)$ time, where $k$ is the number of paths and $m$ is the number of edges of the graph, and provide…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Panagiotis Lionakis , Giorgos Kritikakis , Ioannis G. Tollis

It is shown that every $n$-vertex graph that admits a 2-bend RAC drawing in the plane, where the edges are polylines with two bends per edge and any pair of edges can only cross at a right angle, has at most $20n-24$ edges for $n\geq 3$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Csaba D. Tóth

Circular layouts are a popular graph drawing style, where vertices are placed on a circle and edges are drawn as straight chords. Crossing minimization in circular layouts is \NP-hard. One way to allow for fewer crossings in practice are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Fabian Klute , Martin Nöllenburg

This work introduces two techniques for the design and analysis of branching algorithms, illustrated through the case study of the Vertex Cover problem. First, we present a method for automatically generating branching rules through a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Katie Clinch , Serge Gaspers , Tao Zixu He , Simon Mackenzie , Tiankuang Zhang

We study the problem of selecting a maximum-weight subgraph of a given graph such that the subgraph can be drawn within a prescribed drawing area subject to given non-uniform vertex sizes. We develop and analyze heuristics both for the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Maximilian Aulbach , Martin Fink , Julian Schuhmann , Alexander Wolff

Given a large data graph, trimming techniques can reduce the search space by removing vertices without outgoing edges. One application is to speed up the parallel decomposition of graphs into strongly connected components (SCC…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Bin Guo , Emil Sekerinski
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