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A massive threat to the modern and complex IC production chain is the use of untrusted off-shore foundries which are able to infringe valuable hardware design IP or to inject hardware Trojans causing severe loss of safety and security.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Sebastian Wallat , Marc Fyrbiak , Moritz Schlögel , Christof Paar

Logic locking is a hardware security technique to intellectual property (IP) against security threats in the IC supply chain, especially untrusted fabs. Such techniques incorporate additional locking circuitry within an IC that induces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Michael Zuzak , Yang Xie , Abhishek Chakraborty , Ankur Srivastava

This paper presents a high-level circuit obfuscation technique to prevent the theft of intellectual property (IP) of integrated circuits. In particular, our technique protects a class of circuits that relies on constant multiplications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Levent Aksoy , Quang-Linh Nguyen , Felipe Almeida , Jaan Raik , Marie-Lise Flottes , Sophie Dupuis , Samuel Pagliarini

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs hundreds of billions in annual losses, driven by advanced reverse engineering (RE) techniques. Traditional ``cryptic'' IC camouflaging methods typically focus on hiding localized gate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Existing countermeasures for hardware IP protection, such as obfuscation, camouflaging, and redaction, aim to defend against confidentiality and integrity attacks. However, within the current threat model, these techniques overlook the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aritra Dasgupta , Sudipta Paria , Christopher Sozio , Andrew Lukefahr , Swarup Bhunia

Logic locking refers to a set of techniques that can protect integrated circuits (ICs) from counterfeiting, piracy and malicious functionality changes by an untrusted foundry. It achieves these goals by introducing new inputs, called key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Deepak Sirone , Pramod Subramanyan

3D die stacking and 2.5D interposer design are promising technologies to improve integration density, performance and cost. Current approaches face serious issues in dealing with emerging security challenges such as side channel attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Peng Gu , Shuangchen Li , Dylan Stow , Russell Barnes , Liu Liu , Yuan Xie , Eren Kursshan

The MiG-V was designed for high-security applications and is the first commercially available logic-locked RISC-V processor on the market. In this context logic locking was used to protect the RISC-V processor design during the untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Lennart M. Reimann , Yadu Madhukumar Variyar , Lennet Huelser , Chiara Ghinami , Dominik Germek , Rainer Leupers

This is the first work augmenting hardware attacks mounted on obfuscated circuits by incorporating deep recurrent neural network (D-RNN). Logic encryption obfuscation has been used for thwarting counterfeiting, overproduction, and reverse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Fatemeh Tehranipoor , Nima Karimian , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani , Hamid Mahmoodi

Approximate circuits often achieve exceptional trade-offs between computational accuracy and hardware efficiency, making them attractive for deployment as reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores. However, safeguarding such circuits…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lukas Sekanina , Vojtech Mrazek

The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits (ICs) in the current horizontal semiconductor integration flow has posed various security threats due to the presence of untrusted entities, such as overproduction of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuqiao Zhang , Ayush Jain , Pinchen Cui , Ziqi Zhou , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking protects the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit supply chain. However, recent machine learning (ML)-based attacks have challenged its fundamental security, initiating the requirement for the design…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zeng Wang , Lilas Alrahis , Dominik Sisejkovic , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kevin Kwiat , Jason Kulick , Paul Ratazzi

Integrated circuits (ICs) are essential to modern electronic systems, yet they face significant risks from physical reverse engineering (RE) attacks that compromise intellectual property (IP) and overall system security. While IC camouflage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Layout camouflaging (LC) is a promising technique to protect chip design intellectual property (IP) from reverse engineers. Most prior art, however, cannot leverage the full potential of LC due to excessive overheads and/or their limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Split manufacturing is a promising technique to defend against fab-based malicious activities such as IP piracy, overbuilding, and insertion of hardware Trojans. However, a network flow-based proximity attack, proposed by Wang et al.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Abhrajit Sengupta , Satwik Patnaik , Johann Knechtel , Mohammed Ashraf , Siddharth Garg , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Code obfuscation is a major tool for protecting software intellectual property from attacks such as reverse engineering or code tampering. Yet, recently proposed (automated) attacks based on Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) shows very…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Mathilde Ollivier , Sébastien Bardin , Richard Bonichon , Jean-Yves Marion

With the globalization of manufacturing and supply chains, ensuring the security and trustworthiness of ICs has become an urgent challenge. Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are promising techniques to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

Logic locking is a promising technique for protecting integrated circuit designs while outsourcing their fabrication. Recently, graph neural network (GNN)-based link prediction attacks have been developed which can successfully break all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Subhajit Dutta Chowdhury , Kaixin Yang , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Side channel attacks are a major security concern for smart cards and other embedded devices. They analyze the variations on the power consumption to find the secret key of the encryption algorithm implemented within the security IC. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Kris Tiri , Ingrid Verbauwhede