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Variable selection for optimal treatment regime in a clinical trial or an observational study is getting more attention. Most existing variable selection techniques focused on selecting variables that are important for prediction, therefore…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-05-22 Ailin Fan , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song

For effective decision support in scenarios with conflicting objectives, sets of potentially optimal solutions can be presented to the decision maker. We explore both what policies these sets should contain and how such sets can be computed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Willem Röpke , Conor F. Hayes , Patrick Mannion , Enda Howley , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

This paper develops a nonparametric model that represents how sequences of outcomes and treatment choices influence one another in a dynamic manner. In this setting, we are interested in identifying the average outcome for individuals in…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-01-16 Sukjin Han

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate individualised treatment assignment rules. The method is designed to find rules that are stochastic, reflecting uncertainty in estimation of an assignment rule and about its welfare…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-22 Toru Kitagawa , Hugo Lopez , Jeff Rowley

A treatment regime is a function that maps individual patient information to a recommended treatment, hence explicitly incorporating the heterogeneity in need for treatment across individuals. Patient responses are dichotomous and can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-07 Yingfei Wang , Warren Powell

Personalized decision-making, aiming to derive optimal treatment regimes based on individual characteristics, has recently attracted increasing attention in many fields, such as medicine, social services, and economics. Current literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-28 Jianing Chu , Wenbin Lu , Shu Yang

Choosing optimal (or at least better) policies is an important problem in domains from medicine to education to finance and many others. One approach to this problem is through controlled experiments/trials - but controlled experiments are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Onur Atan , William R. Zame , M van der Schaar

Accurate models of clinical actions and their impacts on disease progression are critical for estimating personalized optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) in medical/health research, especially in managing chronic conditions.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-19 William Hua , Hongyuan Mei , Sarah Zohar , Magali Giral , Yanxun Xu

The vision for precision medicine is to use individual patient characteristics to inform a personalized treatment plan that leads to the best healthcare possible for each patient. Mobile technologies have an important role to play in this…

Existing strategies for determining the optimal treatment or monitoring strategy typically assume unlimited access to resources. However, when a health system has resource constraints, such as limited funds, access to medication, or…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-18 Ellen C Caniglia , Eleanor J Murray , Miguel A Hernan , Zach Shahn

A/B testing is critical for modern technological companies to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed products against standard baselines. This paper studies optimal designs that aim to maximize the amount of information obtained from…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Ting Li , Chengchun Shi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou , Hongtu Zhu

Quantile optimal treatment regimes (OTRs) aim to assign treatments that maximize a specified quantile of patients' outcomes. Compared to treatment regimes that target the mean outcomes, quantile OTRs offer fairer regimes when a lower…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Junwen Xia , Jingxiao Zhang , Dehan Kong

This paper investigates how certain relationship between observed and counterfactual distributions serves as an identifying condition for treatment effects when the treatment is endogenous, and shows that this condition holds in a range of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-28 Sukjin Han , Haiqing Xu

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

Health-related data is noisy and stochastic in implying the true physiological states of patients, limiting information contained in single-moment observations for sequential clinical decision making. We model patient-clinician interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Luchen Li , Matthieu Komorowski , Aldo A. Faisal

Differential Dynamic Programming is an optimal control technique often used for trajectory generation. Many variations of this algorithm have been developed in the literature, including algorithms for stochastic dynamics or state and input…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Dennis Gramlich , Carsten W. Scherer , Christian Ebenbauer

A treatment regime is a rule that assigns a treatment to patients based on their covariate information. Recently, estimation of the optimal treatment regime that yields the greatest overall expected clinical outcome of interest has…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-07 Kevin Gunn , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song

The treatment assignment mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized for statistical efficiency within a specified class of randomization mechanisms. Optimal designs of this type have been characterized in terms of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu

A common concern when a policymaker draws causal inferences from and makes decisions based on observational data is that the measured covariates are insufficiently rich to account for all sources of confounding, i.e., the standard no…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-25 Tao Shen , Yifan Cui

In survival contexts, substantial literature exists on estimating optimal treatment regimes, where treatments are assigned based on personal characteristics to maximize the survival probability. These methods assume that a set of covariates…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-24 Junwen Xia , Zishu Zhan , Jingxiao Zhang