Related papers: Surface singularities in $R^4$: first steps toward…

We define the notion of a braided link cobordism in $S^3 \times [0,1]$, which generalizes Viro's closed surface braids in $\mathbb{R}^4$. We prove that any properly embedded oriented surface $W \subset S^3 \times [0,1]$ is isotopic to a…

Isometric class of minimal surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb{R}^3$ has the rigidity: if two simply connected minimal surfaces are isometric, then one of them is congruent to a surface in the specific one-parameter family, called…

All checkerboard surfaces for a given knot in $S^3$ are related by isotopy and "kinking" and "unkinking" moves, which change the surfaces' Goeritz matrices like this: $G\leftrightarrow G\oplus [\pm1]=\left[\begin{smallmatrix} G&\mathbf{0}\\…

Ng constructed an invariant of knots in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$, a combinatorial knot contact homology. Extending his study, we construct an invariant of surface-knots in ${\mathbb{R}}^4$ using marked graph diagrams.

We study the degree of an $L$-Lipschitz map between Riemannian manifolds, proving new upper bounds and constructing new examples. For instance, if $X_k$ is the connected sum of $k$ copies of $\mathbb CP^2$ for $k \ge 4$, then we prove that…

In this article, we propose a new approach for describing and understanding knots and links in a 3-manifold through the use of an embedded non-orientable surface. Specifically, we define a plat-like representation based on this…

We describe a procedure for creating infinite families of hyperbolic knots having unique minimal genus Seifert surface. A large subset of these knots have the further property that the surface cannot be the sole compact leaf of a depth one…

Lipschitz equivalence of self-similar sets is an important area in the study of fractal geometry. It is known that two dust-like self-similar sets with the same contraction ratios are always Lipschitz equivalent. However, when self-similar…

A theorem of Mumford states that, on complex surfaces, any normal isolated singularity whose link is diffeomorphic to a sphere is actually a smooth point. While this property fails in higher dimensions, McLean asks whether the contact…

Let $D$ be a diagram of an alternating knot with unknotting number one. The branched double cover of $S^3$ branched over $D$ is an L-space obtained by half integral surgery on a knot $K_D$. We denote the set of all such knots $K_D$ by…

We produce an infinite family of $2$-complexes that are intrinsically linked when embedded into four dimensions. In particular, we show that any embedding into $\mathbb{R}^4$ of the suspension of a graph containing $K_6$ as a minor contains…

A minimal knot is the intersection of a topologically embedded branched minimal disk in $\mathbb{R}^4$ $\mathbb{C}^2 $ with a small sphere centered at the branch point. When the lowest order terms in each coordinate component of the…

Given a symmetric Leibniz algebra $(\mathcal{L},.)$, the product is Lie-admissible and defines a Lie algebra bracket $[\;,\;]$ on $\mathcal{L}$. Let $G$ be the connected and simply-connected Lie group associated to $(\mathcal{L},[\;,\;])$.…

We study the geometry of surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{4}$ with corank $1$ singularities. For such surfaces the singularities are isolated and at each point we define the curvature parabola in the normal space. This curve codifies all the second…

Virtual knots are defined diagrammatically as a collection of figures, called virtual knot diagrams, that are considered equivalent up to finite sequences of extended Reidemeister moves. By contrast, knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be defined…

A knot in a thickened surface $K$ is a smooth embedding $K:S^1 \rightarrow \Sigma \times [0,1]$, where $\Sigma$ is a closed, connected, orientable surface. There is a bijective correspondence between knots in $S^2 \times [0,1]$ and knots in…

It has become obvious that certain singular phenomena cannot be explained by a mere investigation of the configuration space, defined as the solution set of the loop closure equations. For example, it was observed that a particular 6R…

The Meridional Rank Conjecture asks whether the bridge number of a knot in $S^3$ is equal to the minimal number of meridians needed to generate the fundamental group of its complement. In this paper we investigate the analogous conjecture…

We show that an embedded minimal disk in R^3 with large curvature is bilipschitz with a piece of a helicoid. Additionally, a simplified proof of the uniqueness of the helicoid is provided.

The $k$th module of a surface-knot of a genus $g$ in the 4-sphere is the $k$th integral homology module of the infinite cyclic covering of the surface-knot complement. The reduced first module is the quotient module of the first module by…