Related papers: Cryo-CMOS Band-gap Reference Circuits for Quantum …
In-vacuo cryogenic environments are ideal for applications requiring both low temperatures and extremely low particle densities. This enables reaching long storage and coherence times for example in ion traps, essential requirements for…
Low-temperature electronic systems require electrical leads which have low electrical resistance to provide bias current I without excessive voltage drop V. But proper cryogenic design also requires high thermal resistance to maintain a…
A key virtue of spin qubits is their sub-micron footprint, enabling a single silicon chip to host the millions of qubits required to execute useful quantum algorithms with error correction. With each physical qubit needing multiple control…
Readout and control of qubits are limiting factors in scaling quantum computers. An ideal solution is to integrate energy-efficient cryogenic circuits close to the qubits to perform control and pre-processing tasks. With orders of magnitude…
This paper presents a fully-integrated CMOS temperature sensor for densely-distributed thermal monitoring in systems on chip supporting dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. The sensor front-end exploits a sub-threshold PMOS-based circuit…
The operation of CMOS Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) at extremely cold environments as low as 4 K is demonstrated. Various FPGA and periphery hardware design techniques spanning from HDL design to improvements of peripheral…
This paper presents a physics-based analytical model for the MOS transistor operating continuously from room temperature down to liquid-helium temperature (4.2 K) from depletion to strong inversion and in the linear and saturation regimes.…
The encoding of qubits in semiconductor spin carriers has been recognised as a promising approach to a commercial quantum computer that can be lithographically produced and integrated at scale. However, the operation of the large number of…
We report on a scanned superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope operating in a cryogen-free cryostat, with the capability of up to forty RF connections with 20 GHz bandwidth to a device under test. The system utilizes…
Quantum computation requires many qubits that can be coherently controlled and coupled to each other. Qubits that are defined using lithographic techniques are often argued to be promising platforms for scalability, since they can be…
The mass production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution refrigerator. It is, therefore, beneficial to…
A reciprocating quantum refrigerator is studied with the purpose of determining the limitations of cooling to absolute zero. We find that if the energy spectrum of the working medium possesses an uncontrollable gap, then there is a minimum…
As technology scales down, the static power is expected to become a significant fraction of the total power. The exponential dependence of static power with the operating temperature makes the thermal profile estimation of high-performance…
It is generally considered that the signal output by a quantum circuit is attenuated exponentially fast in the number of gates. This letter explores how algorithms using mid-circuit measurements and classical conditioning as computational…
Scanning Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging local magnetic properties of materials and devices, but it requires a low-vibration cryogenic environment, traditionally achieved by…
All quantum optomechanics experiments to date operate at cryogenic temperatures, imposing severe technical challenges and fundamental constraints. Here we present a novel design of on-chip mechanical resonators which exhibit fundamental…
Previous cryogenic electronics studies are most above 4.2K. In this paper we present the cryogenic characterization of a 0.18{\mu}m standard bulk CMOS technology(1.8V and 5V) at sub-kelvin temperature around 270mK. PMOS and NMOS devices…
Although classical thermal machines power industries and modern living, quantum thermal engines have yet to prove their utility. Here, we demonstrate a useful quantum absorption refrigerator formed from superconducting circuits. We use it…
Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications require nW-power current references that are robust to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations, to maintain the performance of IoT sensor nodes in a wide range of operating conditions.…
Refrigeration is an important enabler for quantum technology. The very low energy of the fundamental excitations typically utilized in quantum technology devices and systems requires temperature well below 1 K. Expensive cryostats are…