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Internet of Things (IoT) networks require regular firmware updates to ensure enhanced security and stability. As we move towards methodologies of codifying security and policy decisions and exchanging them over IoT large-scale deployments…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Ioannis Mavromatis , Aleksandar Stanoev , Anthony J. Portelli , Charles Lockie , Marius Ammann , Yichao Jin , Mahesh Sooriyabandara

Hardware-software leakage contracts have emerged as a formalism for specifying side-channel security guarantees of modern processors, yet verifying that a complex hardware design complies with its contract remains a major challenge. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gideon Geier , Pariya Hajipour , Jan Reineke

Compared to fixed-function switches, the flexibility of programmable switches comes at a cost, as programmer mistakes frequently result in subtle bugs in the network data plane. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Nofel Yaseen , Liangcheng Yu , Caleb Stanford , Ryan Beckett , Vincent Liu

Fuzzing -- testing programs with random inputs -- has become the prime technique to detect bugs and vulnerabilities in programs. To generate inputs that cover new functionality, fuzzers require execution feedback from the program -- for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Rahul Gopinath , Bachir Bendrissou , Björn Mathis , Andreas Zeller

Modern compilers, such as LLVM, are complex pieces of software. Due to their complexity, manual testing is unlikely to suffice, yet formal verification is difficult to scale. End-to-end fuzzing can be used, but it has difficulties in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuyang Rong , Zhanghan Yu , Zhenkai Weng , Stephen Neuendorffer , Hao Chen

The increasing complexity of modern processors poses many challenges to existing hardware verification tools and methodologies for detecting security-critical bugs. Recent attacks on processors have shown the fatal consequences of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Aakash Tyagi , Addison Crump , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Garrett Persyn , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Patrick Jauernig , Rahul Kande

Modern hardware systems, driven by demands for high performance and application-specific functionality, have grown increasingly complex, introducing large surfaces for bugs and security-critical vulnerabilities. Fuzzing has emerged as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Lichao Wu , Mohamadreza Rostami , Huimin Li , Nikhilesh Singh , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Foundation models, a cornerstone of recent advancements in machine learning, have predominantly thrived on complete and well-structured data. Wearable sensor data frequently suffers from significant missingness, posing a substantial…

Firmware serves as a foundational software layer in modern computers, initiating as the first code executed on platform hardware, similar in function to a minimal operating system. Defined as a software interface between an operating system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mahsa Farahani , Ghazal Shenavar , Ali Hosseinghorban , Alireza Ejlali

As researchers, we already understand how to make testing more effective and efficient at finding bugs. However, as fuzzing (i.e., automated testing) becomes more widely adopted in practice, practitioners are asking: Which assurances does a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Marcel Böhme

Secure firmware update is an important stage in the IoT device life-cycle. Prior techniques, designed for other computational settings, are not readily suitable for IoT devices, since they do not consider idiosyncrasies of a realistic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-19 N. Asokan , Thomas Nyman , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Gene Tsudik

While fuzzing has demonstrated its effectiveness in exposing vulnerabilities within embedded firmware, the discovery of crashing test cases is only the first step in improving the security of these critical systems. The subsequent fault…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Boyu Chang , Binbin Zhao , Qiao Zhang , Peiyu Liu , Yuan Tian , Raheem Beyah , Shouling Ji

This paper examines the up-to-dateness of installed firmware versions of IoT devices accessible via public internet. It analyzes datasets of 1.06m devices collected from the IoT search engine Censys and maps the results against the latest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-22 Frank Ebbers

As modern cyber systems scale to include large populations of heterogeneous IoT devices, securing them against impersonation and forgery is a critical cybersecurity challenge. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer a lightweight,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xin Wang , Peichun Hua , Chip Hong Chang , Wenye Liu , Yue Zheng

The massive trend toward embedded systems introduces new security threats to prevent. Malicious firmware makes it easier to launch cyberattacks against embedded systems. Systems infected with malicious firmware maintain the appearance of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Md Sadik Awal , Christopher Thompson , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Developing an operating system (OS) for low-end embedded devices requires continuous adaptation to new hardware architectures and components, while serviceability of features needs to be assured for each individual platform under tight…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Kevin Weiss , Michel Rottleuthner , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

Hardware-firmware co-verification is critical to design trustworthy systems. While formal methods can provide verification guarantees, due to the complexity of firmware and hardware, it can lead to state space explosion. There are promising…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra

In this paper we show E-FuzzEdge, a novel fuzzing architecture targeted towards improving the throughput of fuzzing campaigns in contexts where scalability is unavailable. E-FuzzEdge addresses the inefficiencies of hardware-in-the-loop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Davide Rusconi , Osama Yousef , Mirco Picca , Flavio Toffalini , Andrea Lanzi

Vulnerable software represents a tremendous threat to modern information systems. Vulnerabilities in widespread applications may be used to spread malware, steal money and conduct target attacks. To address this problem, developers and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Maksim Shudrak , Vyacheslav Zolotarev

Recent high-profile attacks on the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought to the forefront the vulnerability of "smart" devices, and have resulted in numerous IoT-focused security analyses. Many of the attacks had weak device configuration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Pallavi Sivakumaran , Jorge Blasco