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We establish a strong law of large numbers for one-dimensional continuous-time random walks in dynamic random environments under two main assumptions: the environment is required to satisfy a decoupling inequality that can be interpreted as…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Weberson S. Arcanjo , Rangel Baldasso , Marcelo R. Hilário , Renato S. dos Santos

We consider an ergodic process on finitely many states, with positive entropy. Our first main result asserts that the distribution function of the normalized waiting time for the first visit to a small (i.e., over a long block) cylinder set…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-10-27 Tomasz Downarowicz , Yves Lacroix

We prove the law of large numbers for the drift of random walks on the two-dimensional lamplighter group, under the assumption that the random walk has finite $(2+\epsilon)$-moment. This result is in contrast with classical examples of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Anna Erschler , Tianyi Zheng

The \textit{ternary digits of $2^n$} are a finite sequence of 0s, 1s, and 2s. It is a natural question to ask whether the frequency of any string of 0s, 1s, and 2s in this sequence approaches the same limit for all strings of the same…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Christian Roettger , Xuyi Ren

Equip the edges of the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with i.i.d. random capacities. We prove a law of large numbers for the maximal flow crossing a rectangle in $\mathbb{R}^2$ when the side lengths of the rectangle go to infinity. The value of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-01-14 Raphaël Rossignol , Marie Théret

Zipf's law predicts a power-law relationship between word rank and frequency in language communication systems, and is widely reported in texts yet remains enigmatic as to its origins. Computer simulations have shown that language…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-04 Bohdan B. Khomtchouk , Claes Wahlestedt

Let $b \ge 2$ be an integer. Not much is known on the representation in base $b$ of prime numbers or of numbers whose prime factors belong to a given, finite set. Among other results, we establish that any sufficiently large integer which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-27 Yann Bugeaud

The longest stretch $L(n)$ of consecutive heads in $n$ i.i.d. coin tosses is seen from the prism of large deviations. We first establish precise asymptotics for the moment generating function of $L(n)$ and then show that there are precisely…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-13 Takis Konstantopoulos , Zhenxia Liu , Xiangfeng Yang

In this article, we prove a theorem \`a la Mauduit et Rivat (prime number theorem, Moebius randomness principle) for functions that count digital blocks whose length is a growing function tending to infinity. These sequences are not…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Gautier Hanna

It is known that if X is uniformly distributed modulo 1 and Y is an arbitrary random variable independent of X then Y+X is also uniformly distributed modulo 1. We prove a converse for any continuous random variable Y (or a reasonable…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-16 Michał Ryszard Wójcik

Physics seeks to uncover the laws of Nature and express them through mathematical equations. Despite the vast diversity of natural phenomena, physical equations exhibit structural regularities that set them apart from arbitrary mathematical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-11 Andrei Constantin , Deaglan Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira

In this work initial numbers and repunit numbers have been studied. All numbers have been considered in a decimal notation. The problem of simplicity of initial numbers has been studied. Interesting properties of numbers repunit are proved:…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Boris V. Tarasov

We observe that a probability distribution supported by $\mathbb{N}$, induces a representation of real numbers in [0, 1) with digits in $\mathbb{N}$. We first study the Hausdorff dimension of sets with prescribed digits with respect to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Jörg Neunhäuserer

We find a logic really stronger than first order for the random graph with edge probability $\frac 12$ but satisfies the 0-1 law. This means that on the one hand it satisfies the 0-1 law, e.g. for the random graph ${\mathcal G}_{n,1/2}$ and…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Saharon Shelah

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the sum of M independent continuous random variables modulo 1 to converge to the uniform distribution in L^1([0,1]), and discuss generalizations to discrete random variables. A consequence…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-09-15 Steven J. Miller , Mark J. Nigrini

The first law of thermodynamics, which governs energy conservation, is traditionally formulated as an equality. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the first law alone implies a universal Landauer-like inequality linking changes in system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-17 Junjie Liu , Hanlin Nie

A natural extension of a right-continuous integer-valued random walk is one which can jump to the right by one or two units. First passage times above a given fixed level then admit a tractable Laplace transform (probability generating…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Matija Vidmar

A local bootstrap method is proposed for the analysis of electoral vote-count first-digit frequencies, complementing the Benford's Law limit. The method is calibrated on five presidential-election first rounds (2002--2006) and applied to…

Applications · Statistics 2015-03-13 Boudewijn F. Roukema

The Laplace transform is an algebraic method that is widely used for analyzing physical systems by either solving the differential equations modeling their dynamics or by evaluating their transfer function. The dynamics of the given system…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Adnan Rashid , Osman Hasan

The paper presents fundamental metrical theorems for a class of continued fraction-like expansions known as $\theta$-expansions. We first prove Khinchine's Weak Law of Large Numbers for the sum of digits, followed by the Diamond-Vaaler…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Andreas Rusu , Gabriela Ileana Sebe , Dan Lascu