Related papers: A Proof of First Digit Law from Laplace Transform
This article presents a modern deterministic framework for the study of leading significant digit distributions in numerical data. Rather than relying on traditional probabilistic or mixture-based explanations, we demonstrate that the…
We show that the laws of Zipf and Benford, obeyed by scores of numerical data generated by many and diverse kinds of natural phenomena and human activity are related to the focal expression of a generalized thermodynamic structure. This…
Internet research on search engine quality and validity of results demand much concern. Thus, the focus in our study has been to measure the impact of quotation marks usage on the internet search outputs in terms of google search outcomes…
This paper explores a real-world fundamental theme under a data science perspective. It specifically discusses whether fraud or manipulation can be observed in and from municipality income tax size distributions, through their aggregation…
Let $a_0\in\{0,\dots,9\}$. We show there are infinitely many prime numbers which do not have the digit $a_0$ in their decimal expansion. The proof is an application of the Hardy-Littlewood circle method to a binary problem, and rests on…
Kossovsky recently conjectured that the distribution of leading digits of a chain of probability distributions converges to Benford's law as the length of the chain grows. We prove his conjecture in many cases, and provide an interpretation…
The goal of this note is to show that a widespread claim about Benford's Law, namely, that the range of every Benford distribution spans at least several orders of magnitude, is false. The proof is constructive and concrete examples are…
This note proves a law of large numbers for predicting several steps ahead, which, in the case of uniformly bounded random variables, generalizes the standard law of large numbers for martingales; the standard law of large numbers…
Khinchin proved that the arithmetic mean of continued fraction digits of Lebesgue almost every irrational number in $(0,1)$ diverges to infinity. Hence, none of the classical limit theorems such as the weak and strong laws of large numbers…
We prove a general ergodic-theoretic result concerning the return time statistic, which, properly understood, sheds some new light on the common sense phenomenon known as {\it the law of series}. Let \proc be an ergodic process on finitely…
This is a new proof of the tauberian theorem of complex Laplace transformation for getting a simple proof of the prime numbers theorem $\pi(x) \sim \frac{x}{\log(x)}$ for a largest real $x$.
We make progress on a conjecture made by [DM], which states that the $d$-dimensional frames of $m$-dimensional boxes resulting from a fragmentation process satisfy Benford's law for all $1 \leq d \leq m$. We provide a sufficient condition…
We provide general expressions for the joint distributions of the $k$ most significant $b$-ary digits and of the $k$ leading continued fraction coefficients of outcomes of an arbitrary continuous random variable. Our analysis highlights the…
The digits of the Pierce expansion satisfy the law of large numbers. It is known that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of exceptions to the law of large numbers is 1. We provide an elementary proof of this fact by adapting Jun Wu's…
In this paper we present and expand upon procedures for obtaining large d digit prime number to an arbitrary probability. We use a layered approach. The first step is to limit the pool of random number to exclude numbers that are obviously…
We give here a new proof of a Tauberian Theorem of complex Laplace transform using the Theory of measure and theory of function with bounded variations. However we deduce the simple proof of Prime Number Theorem.
In 1964 Lochs proved a theorem on the number of continued fraction digits of a real number $x$ that can be determined from just knowing its first $n$ decimal digits. In 2001 this result was generalised to a dynamical systems setting by…
Consistent initialization of the Laplace transform has been a fundamental and long-standing issue. The consistency of the L- approach has been questioned, yet it is a popular approach since the L+ approach requires a priori computation of…
In biological, glassy, and active systems, various tracers exhibit Laplace-like, i.e., exponential, spreading of the diffusing packet of particles. The limitations of the central limit theorem in fully capturing the behaviors of such…
It turns out that some empirical facts in Big Data are the effects of properties of large numbers. Zipf's law 'noise' is an example of such an artefact. We expose several properties of the power law distributions and of similar distribution…