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Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are foundational models for describing complex biochemical processes. We study noncompetitive CRNs, a class of networks whose static states are rate-independent, and that can implement ReLU neural networks.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-22 Louis Faul , Xavier Richard , Mary Betrisey , Christian Mazza

The emergence of an autocatalytic network from an available set of elements is a fundamental step in early evolutionary processes, such as the origin of metabolism. Given a set of elements, the reactions between them (chemical or…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-30 Mike Steel

Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Marko Vasic , David Soloveichik , Sarfraz Khurshid

Many biochemical and industrial applications involve complicated networks of simultaneously occurring chemical reactions. Under the assumption of mass action kinetics, the dynamics of these chemical reaction networks are governed by systems…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Matthew D. Johnston

Experiments with networks of discrete reactive bistable electrochemical elements organized in regular and nonregular tree networks are presented to confirm an alternative to the Turing mechanism for the formation of self-organized…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2016-11-15 N. E. Kouvaris , M. Sebek , A. S. Mikhailov , I. Z. Kiss

We propose a unified framework that allows for the full mechanistic reconstruction of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from concentration data. The framework utilizes an integral formulation of the differential equations governing the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Abraham Reyes-Velazquez , Stefan Güttel , Igor Larrosa , Jonas Latz

Chemical reaction network theory is a field of applied mathematics concerned with modeling chemical systems, and can be used in other contexts such as in systems biology to study cellular signaling pathways or epidemiology to study the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Maize Curiel , Elise Farr , Galileo Fries , Luis David García Puente , Julian Hutchins , Vuong Nguyen Hoang

Self-sustaining autocatalytic chemical networks represent a necessary, though not sufficient condition for the emergence of early living systems. These networks have been formalised and investigated within the framework of RAF theory, which…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2012-12-19 Mike Steel , Wim Hordijk , Joshua Smith

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are prototypical complex systems because reactions are nonlinear and connected in intricate ways, and they are also essential to understand living systems. Here, I discuss how recent developments in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-23 Massimiliano Esposito

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Ho-Lin Chen , David Doty , David Soloveichik

In this thesis we present a mathematical model describing the population dynamics of molecules in an artificial chemistry where large molecules can be produced by successive ligation of pairs of smaller molecules. The chemistry contains a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-04-03 Varun Giri

Autocatalytic sets are self-catalyzing and self-sustaining chemical reaction networks that are believed to have played an important role in the origin of life. They have been studied extensively both theoretically as well as experimentally.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-06 Wim Hordijk

Autocatalysis underlies the ability of chemical and biochemical systems to replicate. Recently, Blokhuis et al. gave a stoechiometric definition of autocatalysis for reaction networks, stating the existence of a combination of reactions…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-25 Jeremie Unterberger , Philippe Nghe

Autocatalysis, the ability of a chemical system to make more of itself, is a crucial feature in metabolism and is speculated to have played a decisive role in the origin of life. Nevertheless, how autocatalytic systems behave far from…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Armand Despons

Proposals for molecular communication networks as part of a future internet of bio-nano-things have become more intricate and the question of practical implementation is gaining more importance. One option is to apply detailed chemical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Alexander Wietfeld , Marina Wendrich , Sebastian Schmidt , Wolfgang Kellerer

We study the set of output stable configurations of chemical reaction deciders (CRDs). It turns out that CRDs with only bimolecular reactions (which are almost equivalent to population protocols) have a special structure that allows for an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Robert Brijder

We determine conditions under which a random biochemical system is likely to contain a subsystem that is both autocatalytic and able to survive on some ambient `food' source. Such systems have previously been investigated for their…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Mike Steel

Autocatalytic cores are minimal units in reaction networks (RNs) responsible for the emergence of autocatalysis. In the absence of explicit catalysis, i.e., when an entity appears both as reactant and product in the same reaction, they are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Richard Golnik , Thomas Gatter , Peter F. Stadler , Nicola Vassena

Motivated by investigating multistationarity in biochemical systems, we address saddle-node bifurcations for chemical reaction networks endowed with general kinetics. At positive equilibria, we identify structural network conditions that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Nicola Vassena

Chemical reactions occur in energy, environmental, biological, and many other natural systems, and the inference of the reaction networks is essential to understand and design the chemical processes in engineering and life sciences. Yet,…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-22 Weiqi Ji , Sili Deng