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We report the performance characteristics of a notional Convolutional Neural Network based on the previously-proposed Multiply-Accumulate-Activate-Pool set, an MTJ-based spintronic circuit made to compute multiple neural functionalities in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Andrew W. Stephan , Steven J. Koester

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) are of great interest for non-conventional computing applications. The Toffoli gate is a universal reversible logic gate, enabling the construction of arbitrary boolean circuits. Here, we present a…

Current-induced spin-transfer torques (STT) and spin-orbit torques (SOT) enable the electrical switching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in nonvolatile magnetic random access memories. In order to develop faster memory devices, an…

Deep Spiking Neural Networks are becoming increasingly powerful tools for cognitive computing platforms. However, most of the existing literature on such computing models are developed with limited insights on the underlying hardware…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Abhronil Sengupta , Maryam Parsa , Bing Han , Kaushik Roy

Low-energy random number generation is critical for many emerging computing schemes proposed to complement or replace von Neumann architectures. However, current random number generators are always associated with an energy cost that is…

The quest for highly efficient cognitive computing has led to extensive research interest for the field of neuromorphic computing. Neuromorphic computing aims to mimic the behavior of biological neurons and synapses using solid-state…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Humberto Inzunza Velarde , Jheel Nagaria , Zihan Yin , Ajey Jacob , Akhilesh Jaiswal

Stochastic computing (SC) is an emerging computing technique that promises high density, low power, and error tolerant solutions. In SC, values are encoded as unary bitstreams and SC arithmetic circuits operate on one or more bitstreams. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-14 Vincent T. Lee , Armin Alaghi , Luis Ceze

Conventional logic and memory devices are built out of deterministic units such as transistors, or magnets with energy barriers in excess of 40-60 kT. We show that stochastic units, p-bits, can be interconnected to create robust…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-07-26 Kerem Yunus Camsari , Rafatul Faria , Brian M. Sutton , Supriyo Datta

The slowing down of Moore's Law has led to a crisis as the computing workloads of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms continue skyrocketing. There is an urgent need for scalable and energy-efficient hardware catering to the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari

The concept of Perpendicular Shape-Anisotropy Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory tackles the downsize scalability limit of conventional ultrathin magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) below sub-20 nm technological nodes. This…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 N. Caçoilo , L. D. Buda-Prejbeanu , B. Dieny , O. Fruchart , I. L. Prejbeanu

Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuejian Zhang , John Arnesh Divakaruni Daniel , Neil Dilley , Zhihong Chen , Joerg Appenzeller

Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

The figures-of-merit for reservoir computing (RC), using spintronics devices called magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), are evaluated. RC is a type of recurrent neural network. The input information is stored in certain parts of the…

We present a low barrier magnet based compact hardware unit for analog stochastic neurons and demonstrate its use as a building-block for neuromorphic hardware. By coupling circular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a CMOS based analog…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Samiran Ganguly , Kerem Y. Camsari , Avik W. Ghosh

In recent years, true random number generators (TRNGs) based on magnetic tunnelling junction (MTJ) have become increasingly attractive. This is because MTJ-based TRNGs offer some advantages over traditional CMOS-based TRNGs, such as smaller…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Hong Jie Ng , Shuhan Yang , Zhaoyang Yao , Hyunsoo Yang , Charles C. -W. Lim

The emerging Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (STT-MTJ) technology exhibits interesting stochastic behavior combined with small area and low operation energy. It is, therefore, a promising technology for security applications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Ben Perach , Shahar Kvatinsky

We propose a new network architecture for standard spin-Hall magnetic tunnel junction-based spintronic neurons that allows them to compute multiple critical convolutional neural network functionalities simultaneously and in parallel, saving…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Andrew W. Stephan , Steven J. Koester

Strain-controlled modulation of the magnetic switching behavior in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) could provide the energy efficiency needed to accelerate the use of MTJs in memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing, as well as an…

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) play a crucial role in spintronic applications, particularly data storage and sensors. Especially as a non-volatile memory, MTJs have received substantial attention due to its CMOS compatibility, low power…

Brain-inspired computing - leveraging neuroscientific principles underpinning the unparalleled efficiency of the brain in solving cognitive tasks - is emerging to be a promising pathway to solve several algorithmic and computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Kezhou Yang , Dhuruva Priyan G M , Abhronil Sengupta